Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40768353›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025

Late adolescents entering college intending a career as police officers hold more right-leaning views than their peers.

Tyler T Reny, Marcel F Roman, Benjamin J Newman, David O Sears

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Late adolescents entering college intending a career as police officers hold more right-leaning views than their peers.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Tyler T RenyDepartment of Politics and Policy, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA 91711.ORCID 0000-0003-2723-4950
Marcel F RomanDepartment of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.ORCID 0000-0002-4476-3961
Benjamin J NewmanSchool of Public Policy and Department of Political Science, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507.ORCID 0000-0001-7055-8585
David O SearsDepartment of Political Science and Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

One longstanding explanation for bias and excessive force in policing is selection-the assertion that those who select to work in law enforcement are more likely to hold far-right, intolerant, and antiegalitarian, views than the public. While intuitive and widely believed, the evidence in support of the selection hypothesis is surprisingly thin. We offer a vital contribution to the literature by exploring selection at one of its earliest phases: late adolescents entering college and the career-formulation stage of life. Utilizing surveys of over 13 million late adolescents collected across 44 y in the United States, we find that those intending a career as a law enforcement officer hold more right-leaning views on race relations, immigration and intercultural relations, women and gender roles, homosexuality and gay rights, drug-use, freedom of speech, and criminal justice, than their peers intending other careers or their modal peer who is undecided with respect to career intentions and serves as a "blank slate" comparison group. Critically, these findings largely hold among Whites and non-Whites but are somewhat attenuated among women. These sources of heterogeneity are noteworthy given evidence suggesting that hiring more non-White officers may ameliorate bias and excessive force in policing and accompanying pushes to diversify police forces. Our findings add caution to such pushes by suggesting that the non-Whites who select into law enforcement may hold views that reproduce, vs. attenuate, existing police bias. In contrast, our findings direct reform efforts toward expanding the ranks of female officers, bias testing, and training during police recruitment.

Indexed as

Career ChoicePoliceAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansLaw EnforcementMalePeer GroupUnited StatesUniversitiesYoung Adultcriminal justicepolicingpolitical attitudespolitical psychologypublic opinion

Identifiers

PMID40768353
PMCPMC12358885

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.