Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40768072›Full record

ArticleArchives of microbiology2025

Paraprobiotics from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and fungal β-glucan from Lignosus rhinocerus synergistically enhance macrophage activation in vitro.

Waraporn Chamnankit, Wankuson Chanasit, Monthon Lertworapreecha

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Archives of microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Waraporn ChamnankitBiotechnology Program, Faculty of Science and Digital Innovation, Thaksin University, Phatthalung Province, 93210, Thailand.
Wankuson ChanasitMicrobial Technology for Agriculture Food and Environment Research Center, Faculty of Science and Digital Innovation, Thaksin University, Phatthalung Province, Thailand.
Monthon LertworapreechaMicrobial Technology for Agriculture Food and Environment Research Center, Faculty of Science and Digital Innovation, Thaksin University, Phatthalung Province, Thailand. worapreecha@gmail.com.

Funding

Thaksin University Research Fund TSU-67LGS003The National Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation Policy Council and Thaksin University under Research Project FF-2567A10512025
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of paraprobiotics from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TSUB-17 and β-glucan extracted from Lignosus rhinocerus mycelium using RAW 264.7 macrophages. β-glucan was produced under optimized conditions (31.5 °C, 13.5% potato powder, 13% glucose), yielding 44.7 g/L biomass with 33.60% β-glucan. NMR and FESEM confirmed its structural similarity to commercial β-glucan. β-glucan significantly reduced nitric oxide (NO) levels and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) while increasing anti-inflammatory markers IL-10 and TGF-β. Paraprobiotics strongly induced TNF-α and IL-6 but had limited anti-inflammatory effects. Co-treatment resulted in moderated proinflammatory and enhanced anti-inflammatory responses, with a synergistic increase in TGF-β. This is the first report of the synergistic immunomodulatory interaction between sonicated paraprobiotics and L. rhinocerus β-glucan. The results suggest potential applications in functional foods or therapeutic formulations to modulate inflammation and promote immune balance.

Indexed as

beta-GlucansMacrophage ActivationMacrophagesPolyporaceaeAnimalsCytokinesInterleukin-10Lactiplantibacillus plantarumMiceMyceliumNitric OxideRAW 264.7 CellsTransforming Growth Factor betaTumor Necrosis Factor-alphabeta-GlucansCytokinesInterleukin-10Nitric OxideTransforming Growth Factor betaTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaAnti-Inflammatory cytokinesCytokines productionImmunomodulatoryProinflammatory cytokinesTiger milk mushroom

Identifiers

PMID40768072

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.