Superovulation for in vivo embryo production reduces the prevalence of clinical and cytological endometritis in Girolando cows.

This longitudinal observational study was performed to evaluate the temporal dynamics in the occurrence of Cytological Endometritis (CytoE) and the recovery of embryos produced in vivo in Girolando cows positive or not for CytoE. A total of 160 cows were evaluated (81 primiparous and 79 multiparous). Endometrial cytology, ovarian and uterine evaluation, vaginal discharge, cervix, and body condition score were done 21, 42, and 65 days postpartum. At 47 days postpartum 61 cows received a superovulation treatment (SOV), were inseminated, and subjected to embryo collection, and 48 cows were not subjected to SOV but received uterine flushing. The remaining cows were not available for this part of the study. The variables analyzed were PMN% (≥ 5%), uterine condition, cervix, and body condition score, clinical or CytoE, quantity and quality of recovery embryos. PMN% decreased over time (p < 0.05), as well as the VDS (D21 to D42, p < 0.0001). There was an association between submission to the SOV and the absence of CytoE on D65 postpartum (p < 0.01). Superovulation was beneficial for Girolando cows that had cytological and clinical endometritis at the end of the voluntary waiting period; the temporal dynamics related to the occurrence of cytological and clinical endometritis starting on D21 postpartum showed that Girolando cows recovered from the inflammatory processes within 42 days postpartum. The data suggest that Girolando cows can be used as embryo donors during the end of the voluntary waiting period without losses to subsequent pregnancy rates.