Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40767852›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer disease and associated disorders

Early-life Exposure to Punitive School Discipline and Midlife Cognitive Outcomes: 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Cohort Findings.

Catherine dP Duarte, Jillian Hebert, M Maria Glymour, Tanisha G Hill-Jarrett, Jennifer J Manly, Mahasin S Mujahid, Jennifer Ahern, Irene H Yen, Alison K Cohen, Anusha M Vable

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer disease and associated disorders. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Catherine dP DuarteDepartment of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford.
Jillian HebertDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
M Maria GlymourDepartment of Epidemiology, Boston University, Boston, MA.
Tanisha G Hill-JarrettDepartment of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center University of California, San Francisco.
Jennifer J ManlyDepartment of Neurology, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and the Taub Institute for Research in Aging and Alzheimer Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY.
Mahasin S MujahidDivision of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley.
Jennifer AhernDivision of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley.
Irene H YenDepartment of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA.
Alison K CohenDepartments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics.
Anusha M VableFamily and Community Medicine, Philip R. Lee Institute of Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco.

Funding

Educational Trajectories & Health: when People finish School and how it mattersR01AG056360 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI YEN, IRENE H · 2017 to 2020
$2.0M
Structural Gendered RacismK23AG084871 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Tanisha G Hill-Jarrett · 2024 to 2026
$593k
National Institute on Aging, Diversity Supplement Parent Grant: R01AG056360 (PI: Irene Yen)NIA NIH HHS K23 AG084871NIA NIH HHS R01 AG056360
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSuspension and expulsion are common in US schools and disproportionately target structurally marginalized children. No research has examined whether these punitive practices may have long-term cognitive-aging implications.

methodsIn the prospective National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 data (N=8021), we used confounder-adjusted linear models to investigate associations between early-life suspension or expulsion and global cognition, memory, and attention z -scores at age 50. Using interaction terms, we tested for additive scale effect modification by race, gender, and at their intersections.

resultsIn all, 21.5% of participants had been suspended and 4.4% expelled, with Black men and women overrepresented among these early-life experiences. Punitive school discipline was associated with lower midlife global cognition, memory, and attention z -scores (eg, global cognition, suspension: : -0.21; 95% CI: -0.26, -0.15; expulsion: :-0.27; 95% CI: -0.38, -0.16). The expulsion-cognition association was stronger for men than women. DISCUSSION: Punitive school discipline-an exposure modifiable at multiple policy levels-is associated with lower cognitive performance in midlife, decades after school completion.

Indexed as

CognitionPunishmentSchoolsAdolescentChildFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesUnited Statescognitive agingeducationhealth equityschool disciplinesocial determinants

Identifiers

PMID40767852
PMCPMC13050605

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.