Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40767200›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of health policy and management2025

The United States Withdrawal From the World Health Organization: Implications and Challenges.

Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Ali-Akbar Haghdoost, Martin McKee, Amirhossein Takian, Elizabeth Bradley, Ruairí Brugha, Nir Eyal, Sana Eybpoosh, Lawrence Gostin, Naoki Ikegami and 6 more

Abstract readEditorial
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of health policy and management, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. United Nations Partnerships With the Alcohol Industry.International journal of health policy and management · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Quid Pro Quo? A Critical Perspective on the Global Flow and Spread of Health Innovation.International journal of health policy and management · 2025
    Article
  12. First They Came for Science.International journal of health policy and management · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Vahid Yazdi-FeyzabadiHealth Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-8009-470X
Ali-Akbar HaghdoostModeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Future Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.ORCID 0000-0003-4628-4849
Martin McKeeCentre for Global Chronic Conditions, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0121-9683
Amirhossein TakianCentre of Excellence for Global Health, Department of Global Health & Public Policy, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0000-0001-7806-5558
Elizabeth BradleyVassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2592-2741
Ruairí BrughaDepartment of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0003-0729-0197
Nir EyalSchool of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1056-6609
Sana EybpooshDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-2304-8352
Lawrence GostinO'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5286-4044
Naoki IkegamiKeio University, Tokyo, Japan.
Ilona KickbuschGraduate Institute for International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-2699-7166
Ronald LabontéSchool of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-0615-740X
Russell MannionHealth Services Management Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0680-8049
Ole F NorheimDepartment of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-5748-5956
Jeremy ShiffmanPaul H Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1693-4671
Mohammad KaramouzianCentre on Drug Policy Evaluation, MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-5631-4469

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

President Trump's 2025 decision to remove the United States (US) from the World Health Organization (WHO), echoing his initial 2020 move, raises existential questions about the future of global health governance. This editorial explores the immediate and long-term potential impacts of the withdrawal, noting that it poses a significant threat to the WHO financing. This, in turn, will have adverse consequences for future pandemic preparedness, health inequities, and cross-border collaboration. We also explore the potential role of private philanthropies in bridging the funding gap, against the risk of shifting health priorities away from local needs. For the US, withdrawal means diminished influence on global health policies and weaker alignment with new international regulations. Moving forward, structural reforms within the WHO, equitable contributions from global powers, and renewed US involvement are essential to maintain strong health systems worldwide. Ultimately, a collaborative approach is necessary to uphold collective preparedness against emerging health crises.

Indexed as

Global HealthHealth PolicyInternational CooperationWorld Health OrganizationCOVID-19HumansPoliticsUnited StatesGlobal HealthNationalismPolitical Determinants of HealthUnited States of AmericaWorld Health Organization

Identifiers

PMID40767200
PMCPMC12089832

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.