Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40767033›Full record

ArticleAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2025

Two-Stage Bipolaron Formation in Molecularly Doped Conjugated Polymers.

Rui Su, Jingshan Chai, Yusen Pei, Yusuf Olanrewaju, Liang Yan, Justin Neu, Jake Mauthe, Katherine Stewart, Somayeh Kashani, Neha Chaturvedi and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Two-Stage Bipolaron Formation in Molecularly Doped Conjugated Polymers.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Rui SuDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8861-1222
Jingshan ChaiDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
Yusen PeiDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
Yusuf OlanrewajuOrganic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
Liang YanDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
Justin NeuDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
Jake MautheDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
Katherine StewartDepartment of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
Somayeh KashaniOrganic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
Neha ChaturvediDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
Stefan NikodemskiSensors Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (AFB), Dayton, OH, 45433, USA.
Jarrett H VellaSensors Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (AFB), Dayton, OH, 45433, USA.
Aram AmassianDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
David S GingerDepartment of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
Ji-Seon KimDepartment of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
Harald AdeOrganic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
Wei YouDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
Franky SoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8310-677X

Funding

Air Force Research Laboratory 24RYCOR010National Science Foundation CHE-0922858,CHE-1828183Office of Basic Energy Sciences DEAC02-05CH11231Office of Naval Research N00014-23-1-2001UK EPSRC Application Targeted and Integrated Photovoltaics EP/T028513/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The formation and dynamics of bipolarons are crucial in determining the electrical properties of molecularly doped conjugated polymers. Traditionally, bipolarons are known to form at very high doping levels through the combination of two adjacent polarons, a process that is generally accompanied by structural disorder and impaired carrier transport. Here, it is demonstrated that bipolaron formation can occur at both the early stage with low doping levels and the late stage with high doping levels in 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F

Indexed as

bipolaronsconjugated polymersdip dopingdouble dopingglycol sidechains

Identifiers

PMID40767033
PMCPMC12548510

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.