Anthropometric Features of Head and Face in Iran's Multi-Ethnic Workforce: A Framework for Future Studies on Respirator Design and Sizing.

Background: Head and facial anthropometric data play a crucial role in designing and properly sizing respirators. Previous anthropometric studies on respirator design have primarily focused on the head and facial dimensions of American and Chinese individuals. However, there is a lack of research for multi-ethnic countries like Iran. We aimed to establish a comprehensive head and facial anthropometric database for Iranian workers. Specifically, we sought to identify differences among gender, age, and ethnicity, as well as determine the predictors that may influence head and facial dimensions. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among workers who underwent health assessments at Occupational Health and Medical Examination Centers affiliated with the medical universities of Shiraz, Tehran, and Karaj. A total of 1,000 workers (837 males and 163 females) participated in the study in 2022. Nineteen head and facial anthropometric dimensions were measured across six major Iranian ethnic groups. The effects of gender, age, ethnicity, occupation, and BMI on facial dimensions were analyzed using linear regression. Results: The results revealed a difference between the head and face dimensions of males and females, which indicated that the facial dimensions of males were larger. Linear regression analysis showed gender, ethnicity, occupation, age, and BMI were significant predictors of the facial dimensions. Conclusion: When designing and sizing respirators, it is crucial to consider the variations in facial anthropometric dimensions. By doing so, we can ensure that the respirators fit well on the face, thus minimizing the chances of injuries and occupational diseases.