ArticleDevelopmental medicine and child neurology2026
Longitudinal reference centiles for the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.
Article in Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Assessing gross motor function in cerebral palsy: What standardized scores do not tell us.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal reference centiles for the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2026Article
- Brain structural alterations correlate with motor dysfunction in children with spastic cerebral palsy: a quantitative MRI study.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo establish novel longitudinal reference values for the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66) in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy aged 3 to 18 years, to enable more accurate assessments of changes in motor function.
methodThis was a single-centre retrospective analysis of patients who participated in a rehabilitation programme between January 2006 and March 2022. The GMFM-66 was used to measure gross motor function. Paired GMFM-66 measurements from the follow-up phase of the rehabilitation programme were used to establish a reference centile for the change in GMFM-66 over a 6-month period using the lambda-mu-sigma method.
resultsReference centiles for GMFM-66 changes (over a 6-month period; ±1 month) were created using 1190 longitudinal data pairs of GMFM-66 measurements (mean age 8 years 4 months [standard deviation 7 years 11 months] at start of follow-up), Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I to V. The z-scores for GMFM-66 change of a validation dataset by the new tool and the previously described method to quantify a change in GMFM-66 by individual effect size were highly correlated (Pearson's rank correlation coefficient 0.981 [95% confidence interval 0.979-0.984], p < 0.001)
interpretationThe new reference values showed a high correlation with the previously published reference values, which were limited to an age range of 3 to 12 years. The new reference values can be applied from an age of 3 to 18 years. This facilitates the evaluation of medical treatment after a 6-month period also for children with cerebral palsy who are older than 12 years.
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