ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2025
Prognostic value of foramen ovale morphology and hemodynamics in late-onset fetal growth restriction: a 3D ultrasonography-based study.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Insights into the Hepatic Arterial Buffer Response in Late-Onset FGR.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveTo assess the structural and hemodynamic characteristics of the foramen ovale (FO) in fetuses with late-onset fetal growth restriction (LO-FGR) using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography and Doppler imaging, and to examine their associations with Doppler parameters in FGR and composite adverse perinatal outcomes (CAPO).
methodsThis case-control study included 40 fetuses with LO-FGR and 40 matched controls exhibiting appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) between 34 and 37 weeks. FO area was measured using 3D spatio-temporal image correlation (STIC) imaging, and FO width and pulsatility index (PI) were evaluated using 2D and Doppler ultrasonography. FO parameters were compared between the groups, and partial correlation analyses adjusted for gestational age to assess their associations with FGR and CAPO. Additionally, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the predictive value of FO parameters for CAPO within the FGR group.
resultsFO area (p < 0.001), FO width (p < 0.001), left atrial (LA) width (p = 0.029), FO/LA ratio (p < 0.001), and FO/RA ratio (p = 0.024) were significantly reduced in the FGR group compared to the controls. Among FGR fetuses, those who developed CAPO had lower FO area (p = 0.009), FO width (p = 0.001), LA width (p = 0.006), FO/LA ratio (p < 0.001), and FO/RA ratio (p = 0.041). In ROC analysis, the FO/LA ratio exhibited the highest predictive value for predicting CAPO (AUC: 0.851, p < 0.001).
conclusionAlterations in FO morphology are significantly associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in LO-FGR. The FO/LA ratio may serve as a reliable and noninvasive parameter for risk stratification. Incorporating advanced fetal cardiac morphometry could improve prenatal surveillance in FGR.
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