ArticleBMC microbiology2025
Decoding Proteus mirabilis biofilms: expression of selected virulence genes and association with antibiotic resistance.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Urea-to-Ammonia Conversion atACS omega · 2026Article
- Surface modification of urinary catheters with antibiofilm nanocoating: curcumin modified silver nanoparticles against Proteus mirabilis.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2026Article
- Isolation, Identification and Pathogenicity Analysis of Proteus mirabilis in Cynomolgus Monkey From Yunnan, China.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Isolation and characterization of biofilm-disrupting proteus phage Premi.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Immunization with outer membrane vesicles drivedFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProteus mirabilis is a uropathogens with a strong ability to form resilient crystalline biofilms, particularly on urinary catheters, contributing to its persistence and antibiotic resistance. As biofilm-driven virulence is key in complicated urinary tract infections, understanding its virulence genes and resistance mechanisms is crucial for improving treatment strategies. We investigated the presence, and expression of key virulence genes (ureC, mrpA, speA, and rsbA) in biofilm-forming P. mirabilis strains sourced from both urine (n = 26) and non-urine specimens, such as pus, wounds, and blood isolates (n = 26) and analyzed their association with antimicrobial resistance profiles. The presence and expression of P.mirabilis's virulence genes were detected using conventional PCR and Quantitative real-time PCR assays (qPCR), respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer method, adhering to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed using the R language.
resultsVirulence genes (ureC, mrpA, speA, and rsbA) exhibited high prevalence (> 92% in urine, > 84% in non-urine isolates) with no significant differences (Cochran's Q test; p = 0.801). Multidrug resistance (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) were detected in 100% and 57.69% of urine isolates, and 96.15% and 65.38% of non-urine isolates, respectively. Gene combinations are strongly linked to higher resistance rates. mrpA exhibited the highest expression in urine-derived strains, followed by rsbA, and ureC, with speA having the lowest. Post-hoc analysis revealed a significant variation in the rsbA expression compared to speA (p = 0.029) and ureC (p = 0.007). speA showed the highest expression in non-urine isolates, followed by rsbA, ureC, and mrpA, with significant differences among all gene pairs (Conover's all-pairs test; p > 0.05) except rsbA vs. speA. XDR status showed no significant effect or interaction on gene expression in urine and non-urine isolates (p = 0.290; p > 0.05).
conclusionThe virulence genes ureC, mrpA, speA, and rsbA are consistently found in P. mirabilis strains from both urine and non-urine specimens; however, their expression varies significantly, likely due to host or environmental factors. The presence of high multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) P. mirabilis strains, potentially driven by the combination of these virulence genes, suggests an increase in virulence.
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