ArticleNature biomedical engineering2026
Tumour-resident oncolytic bacteria trigger potent anticancer effects through selective intratumoural thrombosis and necrosis.
Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Microbial Systems Enhancing CAR-Based Therapies: A Synthetic Biology Paradigm for Next-Generation Cancer Immunotherapy.Current microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Radiation-Triggered Chemokine-Secreting Probiotics for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Based Radioimmunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Bacterial engineering for cancer therapy.Nature cancer · 2026Review
- Bioengineered bacteria in cancer immunotherapy: mechanistic advances, therapeutic strategies and clinical potential.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- The Use of Bacteria and Their Toxins as Antitumor Agents: Present and Future.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Ultrasound-Responsive Engineered Bacteria for Targeted Cancer Therapy: Strategies, Mechanisms, and Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Rational engineering of combinatorial bacterial therapies for cancer.Genome biology · 2026Review
- Machine learning prediction of postoperative pulmonary embolism: a multicenter external validation study highlighting inflammatory response and intraoperative hemodynamics.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- From Mechanism to Clinic: Engineered Bacteria-Nanomaterial Hybrid Systems for Cancer Immunotherapy.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Oncolytic bacteria therapy for malignant glioma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Discovery and characterization of antitumor gut microbiota from amphibians and reptiles:Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Intratumoral microbiome: a crucial regulating factor in development and progression of colorectal cancer.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- 2025 in review.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Systemic administration ofJournal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Reply to "Exploring Bacteria-Based Cancer Immunotherapy"-Comment on "Discovery of Intratumoral Oncolytic Bacteria Toward Targeted Anticancer Theranostics".Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Intratumoural bacteria represent a promising drug-free strategy in cancer therapy. Here we demonstrate that a tumour-resident bacterial consortium-Proteus mirabilis (A-gyo) and Rhodopseudomonas palustris (UN-gyo)-in a precise 3:97 ratio (A-gyo:UN-gyo), exhibits potent antitumour efficacy independent of immune cell infiltration. In both immunocompetent and immunocompromised mouse models, including human tumour xenografts, intravenous administration of the bacterial consortium led to complete tumour remission, prolonged survival, and no observable systemic toxicity or cytokine release syndrome. Genomic and phenotypic analyses revealed A-gyo's unique non-pathogenic profile and impaired motility, while UN-gyo modulated A-gyo's biogenic activity, enhanced safety and promoted cancer-specific transformation. Mechanistically, the bacterial consortium triggered selective intratumoural thrombosis and vascular collapse-supported by cytokine induction, fibrin deposition and platelet aggregation-culminating in widespread tumour necrosis. The consortium also proliferated within tumours, formed biofilms and exerted direct oncolytic effects. This natural bacterial synergy-achieved without genetic engineering-offers a self-regulating and controllable strategy for safe, tumour-targeted therapy.
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Registered trials
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