ArticleUltrasound in medicine & biology2025
Monitoring Fractionation in Elastic Tissues Using High Frame-Rate Doppler Ultrasound.
Article in Ultrasound in medicine & biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivePassive cavitation imaging (PCI) and bubble-induced color Doppler (BCD) have been used successfully to monitor liquefaction of soft tissues during histotripsy. However, it is unclear whether PCI and BCD can be similarly used in highly elastic tissues, which fractionate rather than liquefy. Our objective was to compare PCI with BCD for monitoring histotripsy fractionation of elastic tissues and tissue-mimicking phantoms.
methodsTelocollagen and elastic resin phantoms (n = 3 each) were fabricated for BCD validation; an additional 5 telocollagen gels were fabricated for direct comparison to ex vivo bovine superficial digital flexor tendons soaked in phosphate-buffered saline (healthy) or collagenase (tendinopathic; 3 each) for 1 week. All samples were treated with 1.5 MHz focused ultrasound (FUS) using 10 ms pulses repeated at 1 Hz (p
resultsAt 6.7 ms post-FUS pulse, BCD better correlated with liquefaction in telocollagen samples than PCI (r = 0.75 ± 0.22 and r = -0.40 ± 0.48, respectively). In tendon, histotripsy produced grossly observable fractionation in 4/12 phosphate-buffered saline- and 10/12 collagenase-soaked treatment locations. Monitoring with BCD indicated that fractionation produced higher regression coefficient magnitudes in BCD (|r| = 0.63 ± 0.19) than PCI (|r| = 0.26 ± 0.21); however, regression directions in BCD were inconsistent.
conclusionRegression trends associated with Doppler metrics suggest the potential for BCD or perhaps a combination of PCI and BCD for monitoring FUS-induced fractionation in highly elastic tissues.
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