ArticleBMJ global health2025
The Immunization Agenda 2030 Strategy to reach zero-dose children in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review.
Article in BMJ global health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunization continuity failures and measles vaccine dropout in a fragile urban setting: Evidence from Mogadishu, Somalia.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Small quantity lipid-based nutritional supplementation and measles vaccination coverage in children aged 6-23 months: a pragmatic cluster-randomized trial.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of tetanus in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Progress in reaching zero-dose children: analysis of population-modifiable risk factors and inequity trends in low- and lower-middle-income countries.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Spatial distribution and associated factors of non-uptake of DTP3 vaccination among children aged 12-23 months in East Africa: geospatial analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Review
- Exploring supplemental immunization strategies to reach zero-dose children in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2026Article
- Correlates of Full, Partial, and Non‑Immunisation among Children Aged 12-23 Months in Gokwe South District, Rural Zimbabwe.Annals of global health · 2026Article
- Observational
- Reaching zero-dose children in conflict-affected and fragile settings in the WHO African Region: a scoping review of strategies and evidence gaps.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Routine childhood immunization coverage, timeliness, dropout, and missed opportunities in Northern Ghana: Evidence from a community-based survey in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- The Immunization Agenda 2030 Strategy to reach zero-dose children in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Immunization Coverage and Its Determinants Among Children Aged 12-23 Months in East Africa: A Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling Approach Based on DHS 2019-2022.BioMed research international · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIntensified efforts are needed to achieve the Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030) target to halve the number of children not reached by routine vaccination ('zero-dose' (ZD) children) by 2030. This scoping review maps and synthesises the scientific literature on ZD children in low-income and middle-income countries since the IA2030 launch.
methodsOur protocol, developed per the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines, was registered on the Open Science Framework prior to execution, and our search strategies were designed by a research librarian. We searched MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost), EBM Reviews (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), LILACS and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed studies with quantitative evidence on ZD children published between January 2020 and January 2024. Using Covidence, we screened citations in a two-stage process by two independent reviewers and conducted data charting using a pretested form. Disagreements were resolved by consensus or consultation with a senior reviewer.
resultsOf the 82 articles included, 73 provided evidence on prevalence, and/or distribution, 24 on barriers to vaccination services and 44 on deprivations faced by ZD children, their households and communities, with the risk of deprivations varying importantly across contexts. The barriers to vaccination most reported related to the intent to vaccinate (n=20), followed by community access (n=10). Deprivations mainly concerned access to health services, such as low utilisation of maternal health services (n=22), and other key development indicators, such as low socioeconomic status (n=29) and poor maternal education/literacy (n=28). We found no studies (n=0) on interventions focused on reaching ZD children with routine immunisation services.
conclusionOur findings highlight the imperative to generate evidence on interventions delivering routine immunisation to ZD children and missed communities. Results also underscore the need for transformative approaches that address multiple deprivations using carefully selected, integrated services, tailored to context-specific needs.
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