Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40763734›Full record

ArticleStructure (London, England : 1993)2025

Cryogenic electron tomography and elemental analysis of mitochondrial granules in human retinal ganglion cells.

Gong-Her Wu, Cathy Hou, Andrew Thron, Hirenkumar Rajendra Patel, Liam Spillane, Sanket Rajan Gupte, Serena Yeung-Levy, Sahil Gulati, Christopher Booth, Yaping Joyce Liao and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Structure (London, England : 1993), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Gong-Her WuDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Cathy HouDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Andrew ThronGatan Inc., Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA.
Hirenkumar Rajendra PatelDepartment of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Liam SpillaneGatan Inc., Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA.
Sanket Rajan GupteDepartment of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Serena Yeung-LevyDepartment of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Sahil GulatiGatan Inc., Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA.
Christopher BoothGatan Inc., Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA.
Yaping Joyce LiaoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Wah ChiuDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of CryoEM and Bioimaging, SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA. Electronic address: wahc@stanford.edu.

Funding

Stanford Vision Research CoreP30EY026877 · NEI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Jeffrey L Goldberg · 2017 to 2026
$8.0M
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY026877
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Combining three-dimensional (3D) visualization with elemental analysis of vitrified cells can provide crucial insights into subcellular structures and elemental compositions in their native environments. We present a coordinated approach using cryogenic electron energy loss spectroscopy (cryoEELS) and cryogenic electron tomography (cryoET) to characterize the elemental distribution and ultrastructure of vitrified cells. We applied this method to examine calcium disposition in the mitochondria of cultured human retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) exposed to pro-calcifying conditions relevant to optic disc drusen pathology. Our cryoEELS analysis revealed mitochondrial granules with elevated calcium signals, offering direct evidence of mitochondrial calcification. Additionally, cryoET coupled with artificial intelligence-based analysis enabled quantification of the volume and spatial distribution of these calcium granules. This integrated workflow can be broadly applied to various cell types, facilitating the study of ultrastructure and elemental distribution in subcellular structures under diverse physiological and pathological conditions, as well as in response to therapeutic interventions.

Indexed as

Electron Microscope TomographyMitochondriaRetinal Ganglion CellsCalciumCells, CulturedCryoelectron MicroscopyHumansCalciumcalciumcryogenic electron energy loss spectroscopycryogenic electron tomographyelemental analysishuman retinal ganglion cellmitochondrial granules

Identifiers

PMID40763734
PMCPMC13480934

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.