Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40763362›Full record

ArticleInfant behavior & development2025

Development and validation of the NIH Baby Toolbox® language measures.

Miriam A Novack, Elizabeth M Dworak, Y Catherine Han, Aaron J Kaat, Vitali Ustsinovich, Jenny Saffran, Michael C Frank, Sandra Waxman, Richard C Gershon

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Infant behavior & development, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. NIH Baby Toolbox® methodology and norms development.Infant behavior & development · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Composite scores for the NIH Baby Toolbox®.Infant behavior & development · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Miriam A NovackNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: Miriam.novack@northwestern.edu.
Elizabeth M DworakNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Y Catherine HanNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Aaron J KaatNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Vitali UstsinovichNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Jenny SaffranUniversity of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Michael C FrankStanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Sandra WaxmanNorthwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Richard C GershonNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.

Funding

TASK ORDER 5: MAKE READY THE NIH BABY TOOLBOX FOR END USERS: FINALIZE ALL PARTICIPANT-LEVEL DATA COLLECTION, ANALYSES, AND DISSEMINATION75N94019D00005 · NICHD · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI GERSHON, RICHARD · 2019 to 2024
$12.7M
NICHD NIH HHS 75N94019D00005
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Language acquisition is a fundamental aspect of infancy and early childhood development. This paper describes the development and validation of the language measures within the NIH Baby Toolbox® (Baby Toolbox), a state-of-the-art assessment system designed for children aged 16 days to 42 months. The Baby Toolbox language domain includes six measures that assess both expressive and receptive language-Looking while Listening, Picture Vocabulary, CDI-CAT Comprehension, CDI-CAT Production, Mullen Receptive, and Mullen Expressive. These measures, offered in both English and Spanish, leverage advanced technologies-such as computerized adaptive testing and gaze-based paradigms-to enhance both the accuracy and accessibility of the assessment. A large-scale norming study (N = 2490 children; 2025 English-exposed, 465 Spanish-exposed) provided strong evidence of reliability and validity, with high test-retest correlations and robust construct validity, although small sample sizes prohibited analyses for some of the Spanish measures. Findings support the Baby Toolbox as a reliable, scalable tool for assessing early language development in diverse populations.

Indexed as

Language DevelopmentLanguage TestsChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleNational Institutes of Health (U.S.)Reproducibility of ResultsUnited StatesVocabularyDevelopmental assessmentExpressive languageLanguage developmentReceptive languageReliabilityValidity

Identifiers

PMID40763362
PMCPMC12393683

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.