Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40762456›Full record

ReviewNanomedicine (London, England)2025

Emerging polymeric nanocarriers for mRNA and protein therapeutics: design, challenges, and clinical outlook.

Chloe Forenzo, Noah Arnold, Jessica Larsen

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nanomedicine (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
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  6. Review
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Chloe ForenzoDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
Noah ArnoldDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
Jessica LarsenDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.

Funding

Regulation of Cryptosporidium DevelopmentP20GM146584 · NIGMS · CLEMSON UNIVERSITY · PI KERRY Scot SMITH · 2022 to 2026
$13.5M
Statistical Methods for Gene Regulatory Analysis From Single Cell Genomics DataP20GM139769 · NIGMS · CLEMSON UNIVERSITY · PI ANHOLT, ROBERT R. H, ARNO, GAVIN · 2021 to 2025
$10.8M
Noninvasive nanoparticle-directed therapy to the peripheral nervous systemR01NS142877 · NINDS · CLEMSON UNIVERSITY · PI Jessica Larsen · 2025 to 2026
$638k
Nanoparticle Distributed Intravenous Enzyme Replacement Therapy (NanoDIVERT)R21NS133477 · NINDS · CLEMSON UNIVERSITY · PI LARSEN, JESSICA MARIE · 2023 to 2023
$405k
NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM139769NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM146584NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS142877NINDS NIH HHS R21 NS133477
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

As the healthcare landscape rapidly evolves to include advanced drug delivery methods with better cellular targeting and more efficient delivery, polymeric nanocarriers have emerged to close translational gaps. Acting on the central dogma of molecular biology, mRNA and protein therapeutics can offer curative potential for various debilitating diseases. Considering these advancements, polymeric nanocarriers have been widely explored preclinically in delivering both proteins and mRNA for various disease therapies. This review introduces how the next generation of polymeric nanocarriers can be designed for protein therapeutics, including some advantages and disadvantages as well as specific design considerations for mRNA vs protein delivery. The evolution of these polymeric nanocarriers is then examined, and the current landscape and emerging trends are presented. Finally, we provide an outlook on the clinical translation of polymeric nanocarrier delivery of mRNA and proteins, including a future perspective for the field. Despite the preclinical promise of these delivery systems in both mRNA and protein constructs, clinical translation is underwhelming. Continued development of polymeric nanocarriers is underway and early clinical trials have provided a foothold into translation for this technology. A key challenge for polymeric nanomedicine is bridging the gap between promising preclinical data and successful clinical translation.

Indexed as

Drug CarriersNanoparticlesPolymersProteinsRNA, MessengerAnimalsDrug Delivery SystemsHumansNanomedicineDrug CarriersPolymersProteinsRNA, Messengerbiodegradable polymersbiological drug deliveryclinical translationcontrolled releaseintracellular deliverymRNA deliveryPolymeric nanocarriersprotein therapeutics

Identifiers

PMID40762456
PMCPMC12413044

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.