ReviewJournal of neurochemistry2025
Botulinum Neurotoxins: History, Mechanism, and Applications. A Narrative Review.
Review in Journal of neurochemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy of botulinum toxin type a for treating chronic low back pain: a systematic review and metanalysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Tracing and characterization of a family outbreak of subtype B2 botulism linked to homemade pickled eggs in Jinan, China.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Non-Invasive Assessment of Hypertonic Muscle Properties After Botulinum Toxin Neuromodulation in Post-Stroke Patients: A Systematic Literature Review of Recent Evidence (2023-2025) on Mobility and Balance.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- From Gut to Systemic Circulation: Molecular Strategies of Botulinum Neurotoxin Complexes.Toxins · 2026Review
- Long-term neuromuscular alterations during botulinum toxin treatment for chronic migraine.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2026Article
- Polyphenols Bioactive Metabolites, and Their Anti-Biofilm and Neuroprotective Potential.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Central Cholinergic Synapse: A Primer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Antibody-Integrated Solid-to-Gel Microfilm for Protection Against Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Botulinum Neurotoxins: History, Mechanism, and Applications. A Narrative Review.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by Clostridium botulinum, exert their potent neuroparalytic effects by specifically targeting presynaptic cholinergic nerve terminals. BoNTs consist of a heavy chain that mediates high-affinity neuronal binding and endocytosis, and a light chain that, once translocated into the cytosol, acts as a zinc-dependent metalloprotease. The light chain cleaves SNARE proteins essential for synaptic vesicle fusion, thereby inhibiting acetylcholine release and leading to flaccid paralysis. This intoxication spans foodborne, wound, and infant botulism, all characterized by commonly observed heat-resistant endospores that enable bacterial survival under adverse conditions. BoNT intoxication induces flaccid paralysis, and both natural and synthetic neurotoxins disrupt neuronal communication by targeting synaptic components. However, BoNTs differ in their origin, mechanism of action, structure, and interactions. Clinical harnessing of non-poisoning low doses of BoNT/A and BoNT/B serotypes is used for alleviating symptoms of diverse diseases. Molecular engineering and clinical formulation enabled BoNTs optimization into pharmacologically safe and targeted therapeutic agents that replicate the selective neuronal silencing observed in their natural forms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.