ArticleChildren and youth services review2020
RED FLAG: GRADE RETENTION AND STUDENT ACADEMIC AND BEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES IN CHINA.
Article in Children and youth services review, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Cumulative Childhood Adversity and Its Associations With Mental Health in Childhood, Adolescence, and Adulthood in Rural China.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This paper analyzes the prevalence, correlates, and behavioral and academic impacts of grade retention using national and single-province data from China. Retention is much more prevalent in China than official estimates suggest; it is more frequent in less-developed parts of the country; and it is associated nationally with poorer subsequent performance and psychosocial well-being, even after adjusting for numerous confounders. However, with certain caveats, findings suggest that retention is primarily a "red flag" and is not a cause of poorer achievement and behavioral outcomes. A longitudinal analysis in one province shows that retained children can gain ground in academic and behavioral outcomes; a further causal analysis using matched samples and difference-in-difference approaches shows no evidence of a causal impact of retention on outcomes. High levels of population mobility and associated school transfers may contribute to grade retention being reported by students and families but not captured in school records.
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