ArticleJournal of oral biology and craniofacial research
Development, psychometric testing and cross-cultural adaptation of a new tool to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice of caregivers on oral healthcare of older people among Hindi speaking North Indian population.
Article in Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Poor oral health among institutionalized older adults is associated with inadequate Knowledge and practice among caregivers, existing assessment tools lack validity, reliability, theoretical grounding, and cultural adaptation. Objectives: This study aimed to develop and validate comprehensive tool to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of caregivers regarding oral health care for Hindi-speaking elderly in North India. Methodology: This study aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive tool to assess the KAP of caregivers regarding oral health care for Hindi-speaking elderly in North India. A psychometric and cross-cultural adaptation study was conducted involving subject experts and caregivers from senior citizen facilities in Chandigarh and parts of Haryana. The tool development included literature review, expert consultations, and content validation using Content Validity Ratio and Content Validity Index. A preliminary pilot test was conducted with random sample of ten caregivers to assess applicability, viability and usability of the questionnaire. Their feedback informed refinements to improve face validity. The tool was translated and adapted into Hindi, followed by data collection through interviews during home visits. Results: Out of 29 initial items across three domains, 11 were deleted after two rounds of expert review, and two were removed during the validation phase. The final version comprised 16 items, achieving an excellent Scale-CVI/Ave score of 0.94. The tool demonstrated good internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82. Conclusion: The Hindi version of the newly developed tool had excellent content validity and good reliability to measure KAP of caregivers for oral healthcare of older people. Patient or public contribution: Caregivers participated in the pilot testing of the questionnaire to assess the clarity, comprehension, and cultural appropriateness. Their feedback was instrumental in refining the language and structure of the questions, thereby enhancing the face validity of the instrument before its final administration in the main study.
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