ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Multiscale information processing in the immune system.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Re-evaluating cytokine storm syndromes: dysregulated host defense or contextual immune adaptation?European cytokine network · 2026Review
- From Innate to Adaptive: Paradigm Shifts and Frontier Challenges in Next-Generation Vaccine Design.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Structural Determinants and Repair of Membrane Microdomains in Dendritic Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity: An Integrative Mechanistic Synthesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Biological Systems Depend on Communication Over Distances: A Review of the Fundamental Mechanisms, Associated challenges, and the Potential Effect of the Constrained Disorder Principle.Acta biotheoretica · 2026Review
- Immune signaling as a determinant of cellular identity and tissue function.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Microbiota-innate immune crosstalk drives atherosclerosis: mechanisms, disease progression, and emerging therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Differential Binding of ΔFN3 Proteins ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune system is an advanced, multiscale adaptive network capable of processing biological information across molecular, cellular, tissue, and systemic levels, demonstrating remarkable properties such as antifragility and criticality. We propose a unified theoretical framework based on six canonical functions-sensing, coding, decoding, response, feedback, and learning-that act as scale-invariant operational units, integrating molecular precision, collective cellular intelligence, and systemic coordination into coherent adaptive responses. Through this lens, immune function emerges from universal principles of complex network organization, including symmetry breaking, self-organized criticality, modularity, and small-world topology. These insights pave the way toward a predictive immunology grounded in fundamental physical principles, enabling novel computational modeling approaches and facilitating personalized therapeutic interventions that exploit inherent immunological robustness and plasticity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.