Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40761707›Full record

ArticleSocial networks2025

Friends Forever? Correlates of High School Friendship (In)stability from Adolescence to Young Adulthood.

Cassie McMillan, Kaley A Jones, Wade C Jacobsen, Nayan G Ramirez, Mark E Feinberg

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Social networks, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Cassie McMillanDepartment of Sociology & Anthropology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.
Kaley A JonesSchool of Criminology & Criminal Justice, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.
Wade C JacobsenDepartment of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.
Nayan G RamirezDepartment of Criminology & Justice Studies, California State University-Northridge, Northridge, CA.
Mark E FeinbergDepartment of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.

Funding

Partnership Model for Diffusion of Proven PreventionR01DA013709 · NIDA · IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY · PI SPOTH, RICHARD · 2002 to 2017
$35.0M
Sci-Tech Core-Maryland Population Research CenterP2CHD041041 · NICHD · UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK · PI Susan W Parker · 2018 to 2026
$3.9M
Friendship Networks and Emergence of Substance UseR01DA018225 · NIDA · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI FEINBERG, MARK ETHAN · 2007 to 2017
$2.9M
The impact of longitudinal social networks on young adult substance use and misuseR21DA057450 · NIDA · NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY · PI MCMILLAN, CASSIE LEIGH · 2023 to 2024
$445k
NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD041041NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA013709NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA018225NIDA NIH HHS R21 DA057450
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although friendship instability is common throughout adolescence and young adulthood, experiencing high rates of relational turnover is associated with negative health outcomes and lower educational attainment. Currently, we know little about whether the rates and correlates of friendship instability change during the transition to young adulthood, even though this period is characterized by significant life events such as high school completion. Using new and unique network data from the PROSPER study, we address this gap by following the trajectories of roughly 2,000 respondents' close friendships from the start of high school to one year after graduation. Results suggest that friendship dissolution is frequent after high school, with only 35% of friendships reported in respondents' senior years of high school remaining intact one year later. Similar histories of substance use were more impactful in inspiring friendship persistence after high school than during adolescence, while the role of shared sociodemographic characteristics did not vary across developmental periods. After high school, young people were also more likely to maintain friendships with peers who previously reciprocated these relationships and reported friends in common. Our findings underscore how friendship dynamics change at the start of young adulthood in ways that carry implications for behavioral trajectories and life outcomes.

Indexed as

Friendship stabilityhigh school completionhomophilyreciprocitytransition to young adulthoodtransitivity

Identifiers

PMID40761707
PMCPMC12320942

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.