ReviewFrontiers in neurology2025
Genetics of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: update on case reports with an inborn error of immunity and risk variants found in drug-linked cases.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Neurological manifestations in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Genetic Risk in Multiple Sclerosis: Susceptibility, Modifiers and Unresolved Questions.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- Interface between inborn errors of immunity and rheumatological disorders in children: A pediatrician's conundrum.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Review
- Genetic mechanisms underlying host susceptibility to central nervous system viral infections.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2026Review
- BK polyomavirus-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following mogamulizumab therapy for erythrodermic mycosis fungoides.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A genetic predisposition to PML is now substantially supported by case reports of patients molecularly diagnosed with an inborn error of immunity (IEI) and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Over the past 10 years, 4 IEI genes linked to PML has now grown to 26 as of 2025. Of these 26 genes believed to be causal of an IEI and PML, 24 (92%) are also linked with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome (HLH/MAS)-a severe hyper-inflammation syndrome associated with several IEI genes, most notably in 4 genes (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.