ArticleUpsala journal of medical sciences2025
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) polymorphisms and asthma risk in rural and urban settings: findings from the UK biobank.
Article in Upsala journal of medical sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction and aim: The risk of asthma and its phenotypes may be modified by gene-environmental interactions. The previous studies on the interactions between genetic variations in the toll like 4 (TLR4) Method: This study was performed on 38,332 asthmatics and 322,852 non-asthma (both British Caucasians) subjects from the UK Biobank database. Asthma was also divided into phenotypes, such as asthma with/without allergy and early/late onset asthma. The residential area was based on the population area density and classified as urban or rural living. Multivariate regression models adjusted for age, body mass index, and smoking status were used to analyze interactions between the SNPs, residential area in asthma, and asthma phenotypes. The association between asthma and residential area or the SNPs was also determined. Result: There were no significant associations between the SNPs and asthma risk (for Asp299Gly: OR (95% CI): 1.00 (0.97-1.02), for Thr399Ile: 0.99 (0.96-1.02) or between the SNPs and asthma phenotypes in either sex or combined cohorts. The effects of the SNPs were not modified by residential area population density in either sex with asthma or across asthma phenotypes. Asthma and its phenotypes were not associated with the SNPs or residential area. Conclusions: Our study found no statistically significant association between
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