ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2025
Ginkgo ketone ester tablets for the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with chemotherapy for breast cancer - a prospective cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) affects up to 75% of breast cancer patients during treatment, with 35% experiencing persistent post-treatment deficits. Current interventions show limited efficacy, creating urgent need for targeted therapies. Ginkgo Ketone Ester (GBE), containing neuroprotective flavonoids and terpene lactones, represents a potential therapeutic strategy. Methods: This 24-week prospective cohort study enrolled 96 breast cancer patients (stage I-III) receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Participants were allocated to GBE intervention (n = 48) or standard care (n = 48) groups. The GBE cohort received tablets containing 14.08-21.12 mg total flavonoids, ≥9.6 mg flavonol glycosides, and ≥2.4 mg terpene lactones (0.25 g, three times daily) for 12 weeks. Cognitive function was assessed using Memory and Executive Screening (MES), Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Huashan Version (AVLT-H), and Shape Trail Test A/B at baseline, week 12, and week 24. Serum biomarkers (glutathione [GSH], reactive oxygen species [ROS], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) and quality of life measures were evaluated correspondingly. Results: GBE administration significantly improved cognitive performance compared to controls (P < 0.05). The intervention group demonstrated 23% higher MES scores (72.29 ± 9.09 vs. 64.42 ± 8.63 at week 24), 31% better AVLT-H performance, and maintained stable completion times. Biochemical analysis revealed substantial GSH elevation (56% increase) and ROS reduction (41% decrease) at week 24, while TNF-α remained unchanged. CRCI incidence was significantly lower in the GBE group (66.67% vs. 89.58%, P < 0.007). Treatment compliance reached 89% with no serious adverse events reported. Conclusion: GBE demonstrates significant promise as a neuroprotective intervention for CRCI management, with substantial improvements in cognitive function and oxidative stress biomarkers. The favorable efficacy profile, excellent safety record, and high compliance support GBE's potential as adjunctive CRCI therapy. While neuroinflammatory effects were limited, robust antioxidant restoration and cognitive enhancement warrant further investigation through large-scale randomized controlled trials to validate long-term efficacy and optimize clinical protocols. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2200065694.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.