Observational studyJournal of general internal medicine2025
Telemedicine and Primary Care Access: A Cross-sectional Observational Study of Patients Using Only Telemedicine.
Observational study in Journal of general internal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFuture telemedicine reimbursement is uncertain. Knowing which patients may be most reliant on telemedicine can help assess its value.
objectiveTo identify the patient characteristics associated with using only telemedicine for primary care.
designCross-sectional observational study of individuals who had multiple primary care visits in 2022. PATIENTS: A total of 1,151,984 adult patients with two or more primary care visits seeking care at a large integrated health system in Northern California in 2022. MAIN MEASURES: Primary care visit modality (only telemedicine, or any in-person); associations (in adjusted percentages) between characteristics and the likelihood of accessing primary care via telemedicine only. KEY
resultsMost patients (n = 812,581, 70.5%) used telemedicine in 2022, with 55.1% (n = 635,208) having both telemedicine and in-person visits, and 15.4% (n = 117,373) having only telemedicine visits. As adjusted percentages, 23.5% of patients 18-44 years old (95% CI, 23.3-23.6%) used only telemedicine primary care visits, a significantly higher proportion than younger (< 18-4.7%; 95% CI 4.6-4.8%) or older age groups (45-64-17.6%; 95% CI 17.5-17.8%; 65-74-13.4%; 95% CI 13.2-13.5%; 75 + -14.5%, 95% CI 14.3-14.7%). Patients who were female (16.6%, CI 16.5-16.7% vs. male 13.8%, 95% CI 13.8-13.9%), Black (17.0%, 95% CI 16.9-17.3% vs. White 15.5%, 95% CI 15.4-15.6%), living in low-SES neighborhoods (15.8%, 95% CI 15.6-15.9% vs. higher 15.4%, 95% CI 15.3-15.4%), with longer drive times to clinic (11-20 min-15.4%, 95% CI 15.3-15.5%; 20 + min-17.7%, 95% CI 17.5-17.8%) or with a clinic parking fee (16.7%, 95% CI 16.5-17.0% vs. free 15.3%, 95% CI 15.2-15.4%) were more likely to only use telemedicine to access primary care.
conclusionsTelemedicine may have facilitated access to primary care for patients that have barriers to in-person care.
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