SynthesisInternational urology and nephrology2026
Impact of different immunosuppressants on the incidence of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International urology and nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Risk prediction of pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients using a clinical nomogram.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundImmunosuppressants are essential for post-transplant maintenance therapy. Pneumocystis jirovecii is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that can cause severe pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised individuals. The aim of our study is to determine the association between different immunosuppressant regimens and the risk of PCP in kidney transplant recipients.
methodsThe data were collected from the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. A total of eleven studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Key information was collected from each study, and the primary outcome was the incidence of PCP under the different immunosuppressive therapy regimens. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were used to analyze the outcomes. All results are analysed at a significance level of 0.05.
resultsThe outcomes showed kidney transplant recipients received azathioprine (AZA) had the higher risk of PCP (OR = 1.62, 95%CI 1.02-2.59, P = 0.04), and the risk of PCP was lower in patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) therapy than those received AZA therapy (OR = 0.60, 95%C = 0.37-0.97, P = 0.04). The incidence of PCP was no significant difference between TAC and CYA regimens (OR = 0.86, 95%CI 0.69-1.07, P = 0.17). No significant association between MMF (OR = 1.00, 95%C = 0.61-1.63, P = 1.00) or sirolimus (OR = 1.78, 95%C = 0.37-8.42, P = 0.47) and the risk of PCP.
conclusionReceiving AZA was the risk factor of PCP infection in kidney transplant recipients, and has a higher risk of PCP infection compared to patients receiving MMF. These findings provide new insights for identifying high-risk populations and developing targeted prophylactic strategies against PCP in clinical practice.
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