SynthesisEuropean journal of pediatrics2025
Association of feeding and parenting styles with adiposity in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European journal of pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Association between parenting styles and weight-for-length z scores among infants and toddlers aged 0-36 months in China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesises global evidence on the different feeding and parenting styles, i.e., authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and uninvolved, and their association with adiposity in children from 6 months to 5 years of age. We searched PubMed, Ovid EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science from Jan 1, 1900 to September 1, 2023, and updated the search on June 13, 2025. The primary outcome of interest was childhood adiposity. Statistical synthesis was performed using vote counting based on direction of effect, a method used for synthesizing results, by categorizing the effect of each study as beneficial or harmful based on the direction of effect. The inverse variance heterogeneity (IVhet) model, an estimator under the fixed effect model assumption with a quasi-likelihood-based variance structure, was used to conduct a meta-analysis. Of the 10,683 records screened, eight were eligible for the systematic review. These studies were conducted in high-income countries and the sample size ranged from 67 to 1238 participants. Of the eight records, three studies were eligible for meta-analysis and five studies were only eligible for vote counting based on direction of effect, as no effect estimates/95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Three of the five studies synthesized using the vote counting method, found demandingness, authoritative, permissive, neglectful and uninvolved styles to be negatively associated with adiposity in children. Meta-analysis revealed the estimated effects of authoritarian (β = 0·02, 95% CI - 0·07 to 0·11, I
conclusionThese findings suggest no consistent link between childhood adiposity and various feeding and parenting styles, including authoritarian, uninvolved, neglectful, and authoritative. Most studies had a high risk of bias, and the evidence quality was low. WHAT IS KNOWN: • To the best of our knowledge, no systematic reviews have been conducted so far focusing on the association between feeding and parenting styles and adiposity in children aged 5 years and younger. WHAT IS NEW: • This systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies conducted in high income countries found no association between feeding and parenting styles and adiposity in 6 months - 5-year-old children. • Methodologically robust future studies are needed to understand the causal relationship of feeding and parenting styles on adiposity in children of this age group.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.