Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40760237›Full record

ArticleCommunity mental health journal2026

Specialized Mental Health Crisis Response Activities Within US Law Enforcement Agencies.

Zoe Lindenfeld, Amanda I Mauri, Saba Rouhani, Charley E Willison

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Community mental health journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Zoe LindenfeldEdward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. Zoe.Lindenfeld@Rutgers.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-5456-7665
Amanda I MauriDepartment of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Saba RouhaniDepartment of Public Health Policy and Management, School of Global Public Health, New York University, 726 Broadway, New York, NY, USA.
Charley E WillisonDepartment of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study examines the prevalence of specialized police responses to persons experiencing a mental health crisis across U.S. law enforcement agencies and explores whether organizational and community factors are associated with their presence.

methodsThis study used 2020 data from a nationally representative survey of over 2,500 law enforcement agencies. The primary outcomes included whether agencies implemented one of four responses: (1) designated unit, (2) designated personnel, (3) addressed mental health without designated unit or personnel, or (4) did not address. Logistic regression models assessed factors associated with each response type.

resultsOver half (51.0%, n = 1,349) of agencies addressed mental health but lacked designated units or personnel, while 6.9% (n = 183) did not specifically address mental health. Larger agencies, agencies located in urban areas, as well as those with external partnerships, and a higher number of use of force complaints were significantly more likely to designate a unit or personnel.

conclusionsFewer than half of law enforcement agencies have responses for mental health crises. Further research is needed to identify barriers and facilitators to adopting specialized responses, particularly among rural and under-resourced agencies.

Indexed as

Crisis InterventionLaw EnforcementMental DisordersMental Health ServicesPoliceHumansMaleMental HealthSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited StatesBehavioral healthCrisisLaw enforcementMental healthPolice

Identifiers

PMID40760237
PMCPMC12789173

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.