Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40760220›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026

Examining Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Effectiveness of Question, Persuade, Refer (QPR) Suicide Prevention Training among Black, Hispanic, and White Community Helpers.

Fatima Z Hussain, Lisa J Borntrager, Myles Lindsey, Daniel Karimi-Dehkordi, Sudeepta Matha, Taylor P Hughes, Marc S Karver, Kim Gryglewicz

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Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Fatima Z HussainCenter for Behavioral Health Research & Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
Lisa J BorntragerSchool of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Myles LindseyCenter for Behavioral Health Research & Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
Daniel Karimi-DehkordiCenter for Behavioral Health Research & Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
Sudeepta MathaCenter for Behavioral Health Research & Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
Taylor P HughesSchool of Professional Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
Marc S KarverDepartment of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
Kim GryglewiczSchool of Social Work, University of Central Florida, 12805 Pegasus Drive, HS 1, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA. Kgryglew@ucf.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-4395-2354

Funding

SAMHSA HHS SM080215
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe study examined racial and ethnic training outcome disparities in the effectiveness of Question, Persuade, and Refer (QPR), a widely disseminated suicide prevention program designed to equip community members with skills to identify and respond to individuals at risk for suicide.

methodsA longitudinal study design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of QPR among a diverse sample of community helpers in one southeastern state in the U.S. 1,027 participants were surveyed immediately before and after the training, and 506 completed a 3-month follow-up. Training outcomes were evaluated using Theory of Planned Behavior constructs (suicide prevention attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control) and measures of suicide prevention knowledge. Nonparametric tests were used to examine differences within and between racial and ethnic participant groups.

resultsResults indicated disparities between White, Hispanic, and Black participants in several evaluation outcomes. QPR had a significantly greater effect on perceived behavioral control for White participants. White and Hispanic participants demonstrated sustained improvement in attitudes and subjective norms, while Black participants showed negligible changes from pre-to-follow-up. Suicide prevention knowledge only significantly improved among White participants.

conclusionsTo address mental health disparities among minoritized communities, there is a need to critically examine suicide prevention training for cultural inclusivity and effectiveness. This study suggests that QPR may not meet the learning needs of minoritized individuals in diverse training cohorts and could benefit from culturally inclusive adaptations. Future research is necessary to explore adaptations that effectively address the needs of culturally diverse training populations.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanHispanic or LatinoSuicide PreventionWhiteAdultFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedProgram EvaluationSoutheastern United StatesTheory of Planned BehaviorCommunity helpersQPR trainingRacial and ethnic disparitiesSuicide prevention

Identifiers

PMID40760220

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.