Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40759899›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Global soil antibiotic resistance genes are associated with increasing risk and connectivity to human resistome.

Yuxiang Zhao, Liguan Li, Yue Huang, Xiaoqing Xu, Zishu Liu, Shuxian Li, Lizhong Zhu, Baolan Hu, Tong Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Soil management practices shape the abundance, diversity, and spread of antimicrobial resistance.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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  13. Phages drive the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes by facilitating host adaptation to heavy metal stress.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  14. Phenotypic and Genomic Profiling ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing: new horizons in microbiology.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
    Review
  17. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yuxiang ZhaoEnvironmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Liguan LiEnvironmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Yue HuangEnvironmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0405-3129
Xiaoqing XuEnvironmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Zishu LiuCollege of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6820-4593
Shuxian LiEnvironmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Lizhong ZhuCollege of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Baolan HuCollege of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. blhu@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4700-3498
Tong ZhangEnvironmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. zhangt@hku.hk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1148-4322

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 22193062
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Soil is a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and understanding its connection to human antibiotic resistome is crucial for the One Health framework. Rank I ARGs appear key to deciphering this relationship, but their global distribution and attribution in soil remain unclear. To fill this gap, we analyze 3965 metagenomic data (12 habitats, including soil, feces, sewage) and 8388 genomes of Escherichia coli isolates. Results show that soil ARG risk has increased over time (from 2008 to 2021). We introduce a "connectivity" metric that evaluates cross-habitat ARGs connectivity through sequence similarity and phylogenetic analysis, and reveal higher genetic overlap with clinical E. coli genomes (1985-2023) over time suggesting an increasing link between soil and human resistome. A comparison of 45 million genome pairs suggests that cross-habitat horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is crucial for the connectivity of ARGs between humans and soil. Finally, we compile clinical antibiotic resistance datasets (covering 126 countries from 1998 to 2022) and find significant correlations between soil ARG risk, potential HGT events and clinical antibiotic resistance (R

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, BacterialDrug Resistance, MicrobialGenes, BacterialSoil MicrobiologyAnti-Bacterial AgentsEscherichia coliFecesGene Transfer, HorizontalGenome, BacterialHumansMetagenomeMetagenomicsPhylogenySoilAnti-Bacterial AgentsSoil

Identifiers

PMID40759899
PMCPMC12322111

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.