ArticleNature communications2025
Strengthening phage resistance of Streptococcus thermophilus by leveraging complementary defense systems.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Phage host range: determinants, dynamics and applications.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Sequential receptor engagement dictates the broad host range and fitness trade-offs ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Diversity and prevalence of dairy streptococcal phages in two European dairy fermentation facilities over a one-year period.Microbial genomics · 2026Article
- Defense Systems and Prophage Detection in Streptococcus mutans Strains.Molecular oral microbiology · 2026Article
- CRISPR-anti-CRISPR dynamics: evolutionary, ecological and biotechnological perspectives.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- More Is Not Always Better: Co-Occurrence Analysis of Anti-Phage Systems Reveals Prevalent Neutral Interactions inMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- A phage-encoded anti-CRISPR protein co-opts host enolase to prevent type III CRISPR immunity.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas and restriction-modification systems represent the core defense arsenal in Streptococcus thermophilus, but their effectiveness is compromised by phages encoding anti-CRISPR proteins (ACRs) and other counter-defense strategies. Here, we explore the defensome of 263 S. thermophilus strains to uncover other anti-phage systems. The defense landscape of S. thermophilus is enriched by 21 accessory defense systems, 13 of which have never been investigated in this species. Experimental validation of 17 systems with 14 phages reveals a range of anti-phage activities, highlighting both broad and narrow specificities across the five viral genera infecting S. thermophilus. Synergies are observed when combining CRISPR immunity with accessory systems. We also assess the fitness cost associated with the chromosomal integration of these systems in their native context and find no impact under laboratory or industrial conditions. These findings underscore the potential of these accessory defense systems to enhance the resistance of S. thermophilus, particularly against ACR-encoding phages.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.