Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40759635›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Embracing nonlinearity and geometry: a dimensional analysis guided design of shock absorbing materials.

Abhishek Gupta, Komal Chawla, Bhanugoban Maheswaran, Daniyar Syrlybayev, Ramathasan Thevamaran

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Abhishek GuptaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Komal ChawlaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9032-7565
Bhanugoban MaheswaranDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Daniyar SyrlybayevDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Ramathasan ThevamaranDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. thevamaran@wisc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5058-6167

Funding

United States Department of Defense | United States Army | U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command | Army Research Office (ARO) W911NF2010160United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (ONR) N000142112044
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Design of shock absorbers requires a delicate balance between mechanical properties and geometric design, allowing them to be compressible yet strong enough to withstand crushing loads. Here, we present a unified framework for designing compact and lightweight shock absorbers by employing a streamlined kinematic model and dimensional analysis. We derive geometric constraints on the thickness and cross-sectional area of a protective foam with a given stress-strain response to ensure that acceleration and compressive strain remain within critical limits. Additionally, we identify the optimal mechanical properties that yield the most compact and lightweight protective foam pads for absorbing impact energy. Contrary to common belief, we demonstrate that foams with a nonlinear stress-strain response can effectively achieve thin and lightweight protective pads, particularly when a large cross-sectional area is required. Guided by this design framework, we introduce optimal architected designs of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) foams-a low-density hierarchical material system.

Identifiers

PMID40759635
PMCPMC12322130

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.