Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40758288›Full record

ArticleDevelopmental psychology2026

Childhood behavioral inhibition and overcontrol: Risk for psychiatric and peer outcomes.

Molly Fennig Steinhoff, Ella Sudit, Nathan A Fox, Rebecca Tillman, Max P Herzberg, Deanna M Barch, Joan L Luby, Kirsten Gilbert

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Developmental psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Molly Fennig SteinhoffDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis.ORCID 0000-0002-8402-0492
Ella SuditDepartment of Psychology, American University.ORCID 0000-0002-3449-6185
Nathan A FoxDepartment of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park.ORCID 0000-0003-4452-4503
Rebecca TillmanDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis.
Max P HerzbergDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis.ORCID 0000-0003-3177-7966
Deanna M BarchDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis.ORCID 0000-0003-1693-8506
Joan L LubyDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis.ORCID 0000-0001-5352-1721
Kirsten GilbertDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis.ORCID 0000-0001-9367-6621

Funding

WUSTL Transdisciplinary Pre- and Postdoctoral Training Program in Obesity and Cardiovascular DiseaseT32HL130357 · NHLBI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI WILFLEY, DENISE ELLA · 2016 to 2025
$4.3M
Neural and behavioral trajectories of the overcontrolled phenotype: Associations with development, social context and psychiatric symptoms in early childhoodR01MH126984 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Kirsten Gilbert · 2022 to 2026
$3.4M
Heightened Performance Monitoring and Overcontrol: Neural Markers and Caregiving Processes in Developmental Risk TrajectoriesK23MH115074 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI GILBERT, KIRSTEN · 2017 to 2021
$821k
National Institutes of Health; National Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteNational Institutes of Health; National Institute of Mental HealthNHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL130357NIH HHSNIMH NIH HHS K23 MH115074NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH126984Washington University; School of Medicine
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Behavioral inhibition (BI), a temperamental trait; the error-related negativity (ERN), a marker of performance monitoring measured via electroencephalogram; and overcontrol, a phenotype characterized by perfectionism and inflexibility, all show associations with childhood anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and social functioning. However, the independent and combined risk for psychiatric and social functioning of these factors is unknown. The present study examined how childhood BI, ERN, and overcontrol independently predict longitudinal psychiatric symptoms and peer functioning. We then examined how overcontrol may mediate the relationship between BI and longitudinal outcomes, as well as how the ERN may moderate this mediation. Caregivers completed baseline (aged 5-6 years; 48% female; 77% White) measures of BI, overcontrol, and psychiatric and peer functioning (

Indexed as

AnxietyChild BehaviorInhibition, PsychologicalPeer GroupTemperamentChildChild, PreschoolElectroencephalographyEvoked PotentialsFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMale

Identifiers

PMID40758288
PMCPMC12327772

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.