Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40757192›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in sociology2025

Insurance companies' lack of LGBTQ+ affirmation: discrimination, distrust, and dissatisfaction among LGBTQ+ people.

Dustin Z Nowaskie, Dehandra Blackwood, Frank Garcia, Jorge D Flautero

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in sociology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Dustin Z Nowaskie *Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Dehandra Blackwood *Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
Frank GarciaColumbia University, New York, NY, United States.
Jorge D FlauteroDepartment of Medicine-Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: LGBTQ+ individuals have historically faced and continue to experience stigma and discrimination in various areas, including healthcare. There is very limited data regarding LGBTQ+ people's perceptions of their health insurer and health insurer workers. Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted with a national sample of United States residents, who responded to questions about their healthcare, including experiences with their health insurer and health insurer workers. Results: Compared to cisgender, heterosexual people ( Discussion: LGBTQ+ communities continue to face significant healthcare disparities, including stigma and discrimination from health insurers and health insurer workers. Longitudinal dedication to LGBTQ+ education, advocacy, and institutional reform is necessary to dismantle the entrenched discrimination in health insurer environments and create more equitable, supportive environments for all LGBTQ+ people.

Indexed as

discriminationinsuranceinsurerLGBTQ+payerstigmatrust

Identifiers

PMID40757192
PMCPMC12314559

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.