Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40757154›Full record

ReviewRSC advances2025

Revolutionizing rheumatoid arthritis therapy: the potential of lipid nanocarriers.

Jennifer Fernandez Alarcon, Nisha Rata Karusan, Clara Presciutti, Jonathan Miras, José Rodrigo Magana, Marta Guerra-Rebollo, Salvador Borrós, Noraini Ahmad, Cristina Fornaguera

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in RSC advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jennifer Fernandez AlarconGrup d'Enginyeria de Materials (Gemat), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL) 08017 Barcelona Spain cristina.fornaguera@iqs.url.edu.
Nisha Rata KarusanDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.
Clara PresciuttiGrup d'Enginyeria de Materials (Gemat), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL) 08017 Barcelona Spain cristina.fornaguera@iqs.url.edu.
Jonathan MirasInstitut de Química Avançada de Catalunya, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) 08034 Barcelona Spain.
José Rodrigo MaganaGrup d'Enginyeria de Materials (Gemat), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL) 08017 Barcelona Spain cristina.fornaguera@iqs.url.edu.
Marta Guerra-RebolloGrup d'Enginyeria de Materials (Gemat), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL) 08017 Barcelona Spain cristina.fornaguera@iqs.url.edu.
Salvador BorrósGrup d'Enginyeria de Materials (Gemat), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL) 08017 Barcelona Spain cristina.fornaguera@iqs.url.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4003-0381
Noraini AhmadGrup d'Enginyeria de Materials (Gemat), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL) 08017 Barcelona Spain cristina.fornaguera@iqs.url.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1174-4748
Cristina FornagueraGrup d'Enginyeria de Materials (Gemat), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL) 08017 Barcelona Spain cristina.fornaguera@iqs.url.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7014-3213

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by synovitis, systemic inflammation and autoantibodies, leading to joint damage and disability. RA pathogenesis is characterized by a dysregulated interaction between immune cells, particularly B cells and T cells, which release inflammatory cytokines. This review explores the pivotal role of these immune cells in sustaining the inflammatory response and contributing to tissue injury. We provide a comprehensive overview of current RA therapies, highlighting the limitations of conventional treatments and the pressing need for targeted drug delivery systems such as lipid nanocarrier-based therapies, including nano-emulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), niosomes, liposomes, transferosomes, and ethosomes. Emphasizing niosomes, we discuss their capacity to encapsulate multiple drugs, significantly enhancing bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. By directing drug-loaded niosomes to inflamed synovial sites, this innovative approach minimizes systemic side effects while maximizing localized drug concentrations, thereby optimizing treatment outcomes for RA patients. This review underscores the importance of targeted (nano)drug delivery in improving patient's life quality and represents a significant step toward more effective, personalized RA therapies by deepening our understanding of the underlying mechanisms.

Identifiers

PMID40757154
PMCPMC12314878

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.