ReviewJournal of medicine and life2025
Beyond the bone marrow: a review of therapeutic approaches for extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma and the significance of MRD assessment.
Review in Journal of medicine and life, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tympanic Membrane Involvement of Multiple Myeloma: Report of a Case.Hematology reports · 2026Article
- Acute Pancreatitis as a Rare Initial Presentation of Plasma Cell Leukemia in a Young Male: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Long-Term Survival with Daratumumab, Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone in Transplant-Ineligible Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients-A Survey from Two Italian Centers.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pleuro-Pulmonary Extramedullary Plasmacytomas in Multiple Myeloma: A 15-Year Experience from a Tertiary Center.Cancers · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extramedullary disease (EMD) in multiple myeloma (MM) represents a distinct clinical entity associated with poor prognosis, therapeutic resistance, and aggressive behavior. EMD can occur at diagnosis or during relapses, either contiguous with bone lesions or as soft tissue plasmacytomas due to hematogenous spread. This review outlines the current understanding of EMD pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic approaches. The review differentiates between bone-related and non-bone-related EMD, highlighting their prognostic implications. Diagnostic strategies rely on advanced imaging modalities, including PET-CT and MRI, and require histopathological confirmation through biopsy and immunohistochemistry. Management includes local therapies, primarily radiotherapy and, in selected cases, surgery, alongside systemic treatments involving proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and monoclonal antibodies. New emerging therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) and bispecific antibodies, are under evaluation for the treatment of relapsed/refractory EMD. Autologous stem cell transplantation is recommended for eligible patients, with tandem procedures considered in high-risk cases. The role of minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring is emphasized, employing next-generation sequencing (NGS), flow cytometry, and imaging, with MRD negativity serving as a surrogate marker for treatment efficacy and survival prediction. Despite therapeutic advances, the prognosis for patients with EMD remains unfavorable. The review underscores the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach for accurate diagnosis, individualized treatment, and consistent monitoring. Recognizing EMD as a high-risk MM variant mandates the integration of novel diagnostics and therapies. Future clinical trials must incorporate EMD-specific endpoints to optimize treatment and improve outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.