ArticleBrain communications2025
The normalizing properties of intracranial volume across race and sex.
Article in Brain communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Improving racial fairness in brain age models using style-transfer synthesis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A prospective observational within-person MRI morphometric study comparing ictal and interictal brain volumes in status migrainosus.Neuroimage. Reports · 2026Article
- Regional Brain Volume Variation Across Adulthood: A Cross-Sectional MRI Analysis of Age, Sex, and Hemispheric Asymmetry.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Norms for Automatic Estimation of White Matter Hyperintensities Burden: LST-AI Service in neuGRID.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sex differences modulate olfactory bulb volume-function relationships but not olfactory training-induced plasticity.Brain structure & function · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In volumetric analysis of the human brain with MRI, intracranial volume is an important covariate as it has a strong correlation with the volume of regions of interest in the brain. Therefore, accurate adjustment for intracranial volume (e.g. by division) is essential to mitigate the impact of head size on brain measurements. In this study, we assess the effects of intracranial volume normalization on differences across sex and racial groups, using a diverse cohort with 5977 subjects from three different (self-reported) races. We show that (i) differences in intracranial volume across sex are consistent across race and vice versa; and (ii) intracranial volume normalization almost completely accounts for differences by race and sex. These results suggest that subjects of different sexes and races can be safely aggregated in volumetric studies by normalizing the volume of regions of interest to intracranial volume.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.