ArticleMicroplastics and nanoplastics2025
Top-down generated micro- and nanoplastics reduce macrophage viability without eliciting a pro-inflammatory response.
Article in Microplastics and nanoplastics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Review
- Microplastics as environmental modifiers of lung disease.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Polyamide and polyvinyl chloride microplastics induce cytotoxicity and cytokine release in primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells.Microplastics and nanoplastics · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The presence of micro- and nanoplastic particles (MNPs) in our environment, food and drinking water has raised public concern due to inevitable human exposure. MNPs can be intentionally added to products or formed from plastics through fragmentation in the environment. Macrophages may become activated upon encountering MNPs, potentially triggering inflammation. However, this process, particularly in response to fragmented MNPs, remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate whether fragmented MNPs have cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects on human macrophages. We examined the immunotoxic effects of mechanically degraded secondary polyvinylchloride, polypropylene and polyamide particles (PVC, PP; < 1 μm and 1-5 μm, PA6.6; 1-5 µm), in addition to primary polystyrene beads (PS; 0.05, 0.2 and 1 μm) and titanium dioxide particles (TiO Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43591-025-00138-5.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.