Trial reportPeerJ2025
Comparative effects of square-stepping and strengthening exercises on cognitive and balance functions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in PeerJ, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety, and health-related quality of life in fibrotic ILD: a cross-sectional study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Cognitive impairment and balance dysfunction are common in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yet targeted interventions remain limited. Square-stepping exercise (SSE), a structured multitasking intervention involving progressive, multi-directional step patterns, combines cognitive and motor challenges. This study aimed to compare the effects of SSE and traditional strengthening exercises (SE) on cognitive function and balance in individuals with COPD through a telerehabilitation model. Methods: This randomized clinical trial included 34 male individuals with mild to moderate COPD (mean age: 63.91 ± 6.98 years), randomly assigned to SSE and SE groups ( Results: Both groups showed significant within-group improvement in MoCA scores ( Conclusions: While both exercise modalities improved cognitive function in individuals with COPD, SSE led to superior outcomes in balance control. The multitasking design of SSE, requiring simultaneous cognitive processing and motor coordination, may underlie its enhanced impact on postural stability. These findings support SSE as a technically advantageous and accessible intervention in telerehabilitation for individuals with COPD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.