Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40755750›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025

Probiotic peptidoglycan skeleton enhances vaccine efficacy against MRSA by inducing trained immunity via the TLR2/JAK-STAT3 pathway.

Lingdi Niu, Haoyuan Duan, Jiaqing Wang, Zheng Jia, Hai Li, Junjie Guo, Shuhe Zhang, Ning Liu, Yaxin Miao, Junwei Ge and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Lingdi Niu *National Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Haoyuan Duan *Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
Jiaqing Wang *Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
Zheng JiaHeilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
Hai LiHeilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
Junjie GuoHeilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
Shuhe ZhangHeilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
Ning LiuHeilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
Yaxin MiaoHeilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
Junwei GeHeilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
Fang WangNational Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Trained immunity refers to the ability of trained innate immune cells to generate an immune memory that produces rapid, broad-spectrum, and long-lasting protection against heterologous stimuli. Based on the rapid and broad-spectrum protection that the peptidoglycan backbone from lactic acid bacteria, bacterium-like particles (BLPs), offers, we hypothesized that BLPs enhance protection through trained immunity. Here, we found that combining BLP with a vaccine significantly improves protective efficacy against methicillin-resistant

Indexed as

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusPeptidoglycanProbioticsStaphylococcal InfectionsStaphylococcal VaccinesToll-Like Receptor 2AnimalsFemaleImmunity, InnateImmunologic MemoryJanus KinasesMacrophagesMiceMice, Inbred C57BLSignal TransductionSTAT3 Transcription FactorJanus KinasesPeptidoglycanStaphylococcal VaccinesStat3 protein, mouseSTAT3 Transcription FactorTlr2 protein, mouseToll-Like Receptor 2bacterium-like particlesinnate immunityMRSApeptidoglycan backbonetrained immunity

Identifiers

PMID40755750
PMCPMC12314533

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.