Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40754774›Full record

ReviewBMB reports2025

In vivo exosome imaging: applications of diverse visualization techniques.

Seongje Hong, Hyun Chul Jo, Hye-Lin Kim, Hyeonah Kim, Jangwoo Lee, Juhyeong Jeon, Jiho Rhim, Siyeon Rhee, Jinbong Park, Yoon Hee Chung and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in BMB reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Seongje HongDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
Hyun Chul JoDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
Hye-Lin KimDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
Hyeonah KimDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
Jangwoo LeeDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
Juhyeong JeonDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
Jiho RhimR&D Center, RayMed., Co., Ltd., Oseong 10408, Korea.
Siyeon RheeStanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Jinbong ParkDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
Yoon Hee ChungDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
Kyung Oh JungDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Exosomes-nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by various cell types-play a crucial role in intercellular communication by delivering biologically active molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Due to their intrinsic biocompatibility, targeting capabilities, and stability, exosomes have emerged as promising vehicles for diagnostics and therapeutics in a wide range of diseases, including cancer, and neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and autoimmune disorders. The ability to monitor exosome biodistribution and dynamics in vivo is pivotal to promoting their clinical translation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current visualization techniques employed for in vivo exosome imaging: optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and emerging modalities, such as photoacoustic imaging, ultrasound, and Raman-based approaches. The advantages, limitations, and representative applications of each imaging modality are critically discussed, with emphasis on labeling strategies that enhance tracking sensitivity and specificity. Optical imaging offers high sensitivity, but is limited by shallow tissue penetration, whereas MRI provides excellent spatial resolution, but suffers from low molecular sensitivity. Radionuclide-based imaging, such as PET and SPECT, enables highly sensitive, quantitative tracking, but presents challenges regarding radiotracer stability and safety. Emerging multimodal platforms and labeling innovations are highlighted for their potential to overcome current limitations. Future research directions include the development of non-invasive, highly sensitive, and clinically translatable imaging systems, as well as standardized protocols to ensure reproducibility. Advances in exosome imaging technologies will be instrumental to unlock the full diagnostic and therapeutic potential of exosomebased platforms in precision medicine. [BMB Reports 2025; 58(8): 340-349].

Indexed as

ExosomesAnimalsHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingOptical ImagingPhotoacoustic TechniquesPositron-Emission TomographyTomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

Identifiers

PMID40754774
PMCPMC12402689

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.