Observational studyBMJ open2025
Prevalence and risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Egyptians with type 2 diabetes: findings from the PACT-MEA study and call for action.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05317845 (A Multi-center, Cross-sectional Chart Review and Survey to Capture the Prevalence and Clinical Management of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Across Countries in the Middle East and Africa), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Multi-center, Cross-sectional Chart Review and Survey to Capture the Prevalence and Clinical Management of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Across Countries in the Middle East and Africa
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- From guidelines to practice: an Egyptian expert opinion on type 2 diabetes mellitus management in primary care settings.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- Unlocking the heterogeneity of pediatric obesity: a phenotypic subtype-based paradigm for precision management.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo estimate the prevalence of established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (eASCVD) and the prevalence of ASCVD high-risk patients as defined by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) among the Egyptian population of the Prevalence and Clinical Management of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (PACT)-Middle East and Africa study.
designAn observational, multicentre, cross-sectional study.
settingEight secondary care centres in Egypt.
participants550 adult males and females who provided informed consent and had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for at least 180 days. Participants were excluded if they had participated previously in the study, had been diagnosed with T1DM, experienced mental incapacity, were unwilling to participate, had a known language barrier precluding adequate understanding or cooperation or had a known congenital heart disease or malformation. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with eASCVD, while the secondary outcome was the proportion of patients with T2D with high risk of ASCVD and without eASCVD.
resultsPrevalence of eASCVD was 108/550 (19.6%, 95% CI 16.5% to 23.2%), and the prevalence of high risk for ASCVD in the population without eASCVD was 378/442 (85.5%, 95% CI 81.9% to 88.5%). Approximately 99% of the study population was categorised as ESC very high risk or high risk for CVD. On assessing utilisation of antidiabetic medications with cardiovascular benefit, only 20% were receiving sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, and 3% were receiving glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues.
conclusionsThe prevalence of eASCVD and high risk for ASCVD in Egypt is alarming, and the inadequate pharmacological control increases the ASCVD burden in the T2DM population. This calls for immediate, comprehensive action to reassess T2DM care. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05317845.
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