Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40753339›Full record

Trial reportScientific reports2025

Postoperative functional training program for vascularised Iliac flap donor site in jaw defect reconstruction based on the Delphi method.

Li Li, Qian He, Na Zhou, Zhaoxia Zhang, Xiaoming Lv, Jie Zhang

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Li Li *Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No. 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
Qian He *Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No. 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
Na ZhouDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No. 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
Zhaoxia ZhangDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No. 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
Xiaoming LvDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No. 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China. lxm474009146@163.com.
Jie Zhang *Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No. 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China. zhangjie06@126.com.

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program 2022YFC2504203the Program for New Clinical Techniques and Therapies of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology PKUSSNCT-22A15the Project of National Clinical Key Department Construction of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology PKUSSNKP-202120
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vascularised iliac flaps (VIFs) are widely used for the reconstruction of jawbone defects; however, postoperative donor-site complications, such as gait disturbances, with an incidence of 13.9-50%, significantly impede patient recovery. Despite this, evidence-based rehabilitation protocols specific to VIFs remain lacking. Existing rehabilitation guidelines for hip surgeries are unsuitable owing to differences in surgical mechanisms. This study employed the Delphi method, engaging 20 multidisciplinary experts (oral and maxillofacial surgery: 5; orthopaedics: 7; rehabilitation: 6; nursing: 2). Through three rounds of anonymous consultations, and by integrating literature evidence with postoperative mobility assessments, we developed a phased, individualised progressive functional training (PFT) protocol featuring dynamic evaluation, coordinated activation of abdominal and hip muscle groups, and safe exercise strategies during head and neck immobilisation, while overcoming conventional hip rehabilitation limitations (e.g., restrictions on flexion < 90°, and bans on squatting or cross-legged sitting). PFT is structured into six progressive phases, with exercise intensity tailored to assessment outcomes. A single-centre randomised controlled trial (n = 62) demonstrated that PFT significantly accelerated lower limb functional recovery, improved hip mobility and balance, reduced donor-site pain, and enhanced quality of life (University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire: F (1,60) = 17.262, P < 0.001), without increasing the risk of flap vascular compromise or iliac hematoma. The limitations of the study include the single-centre design and lack of cross-cultural validation. Future multicentre studies are required to enhance adaptability. This study establishes a foundational yet effective framework for post-VIF rehabilitation, guiding clinical practice and research advancements.

Indexed as

Exercise TherapyIliumJawPlastic Surgery ProceduresSurgical FlapsTransplant Donor SiteAdultDelphi TechniqueFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedDelphi methodFunctional trainingNursingVascularised iliac flap

Identifiers

PMID40753339
PMCPMC12318053

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.