ArticleNature communications2025
The genomic history of Iberian horses since the last Ice Age.
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Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Mitochondrial DNA reveals high maternal diversity within a weak breed structure in native Kazakhstani horses.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
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60 authors.
Jaime Lira GarridoCentre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Faculté de Santé, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0702-1344
Gaétan TressièresCentre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Faculté de Santé, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5827-5398
Lorelei ChauveyCentre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Faculté de Santé, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5015-3924
Stéphanie SchiavinatoCentre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Faculté de Santé, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9007-6305
Laure Calvière-TonassoCentre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Faculté de Santé, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5140-074X
Andaine Seguin-OrlandoCentre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Faculté de Santé, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8265-3229
John SouthonEarth System Science Department, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
Beth ShapiroDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2733-7776
Clément BatailleDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, STEM Complex 150, Louis-Pasteur Private, room 342, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8625-4658
Julie BirgelCentre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Faculté de Santé, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-7038-035X
Stefanie WagnerCentre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Faculté de Santé, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.
Naveed KhanCentre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Faculté de Santé, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.
Xuexue LiuCentre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Faculté de Santé, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France.
José María RodanésGrupo Primeros Pobladores y Patrimonio Arqueológico del Valle del Ebro, Departamento de Ciencias de la Antigüedad, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
Jesús V Picazo MillánGrupo Primeros Pobladores y Patrimonio Arqueológico del Valle del Ebro, Departamento de Ciencias de la Antigüedad, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4726-819X
Josep GiraltMuseu de Lleida, Carrer del Sant Crist, 1, 25002, Lleida, Spain.
Natàlia AlonsoGrup d'Investigació Prehistòrica (GIP), Departament de Geografia, Història i Història de l'Art, 2021-SGR-01607- ARQHISTEC, Facultat de Lletres, Universitat de Lleida, Plaça de Víctor Siurana, 1, Lleida, 25003, Catalonia, Spain.
Isidro AguileraGrupo Primeros Pobladores y Patrimonio Arqueológico del Valle del Ebro, Departamento de Ciencias de la Antigüedad, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
Adriano OrsingherDepartment of Prehistory, Ancient History and Archaeology, Complutense University of Madrid (Departamento de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología. Universidad Complutense de Madrid), C/Prof. Aranguren, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2380-9238
Angela TrentacosteThe British School at Rome, Via Antonio Gramsci, 61, 00197, Rome, RM, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7096-5252
Xavier PayàSecció d'Arqueologia Municipal, Ajuntament de Lleida, Avinguda de Fontanet, 26, 25001, Lleida, Spain.
Marta MoránSecció d'Arqueologia Municipal, Ajuntament de Lleida, Avinguda de Fontanet, 26, 25001, Lleida, Spain.
María Pilar Iborra EresSecció d'Arqueologia, Institut Valencià de Conservació, Restauració i Investigació (IVCR+i), València, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-7257
Silvia AlbizuriDepartament de Història i Arqueologia-SERP, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Arqueologia (IAUB), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6194-0475
Silvia Valenzuela LamasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institució Milà i Fontanals, Archaeology of Social Dynamics, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9886-0372
Imma Mestres SantandreuJaciment i museu El Camp de les Lloses, Ajuntament de Tona, Barcelona, Spain.
Montserrat Duran CaixalJaciment i museu El Camp de les Lloses, Ajuntament de Tona, Barcelona, Spain.
Jordi PrincipalMuseu d'Història de Catalunya, Pl. Pau Vila 3, 08039, Barcelona, Spain.
Jordi Farré HuguetVinseum Museu de les Cultures del Vi de Catalunya, Vilafranca del Penedès, Barcelona, Spain.
Xavier EsteveServeis Territorials de Cultura a Barcelona, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
Mireia Pedro PasqualMuseu de Cervera, Carrer Major 115, 25200, Cervera, Lleida, Spain.
Nohemi SalaCentro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana-CENIEH, Burgos, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0896-1493
Adrián PablosCentro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana-CENIEH, Burgos, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1630-4941
Patricia MartínInstitut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Zona Educacional 4 Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007, Tarragona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8781-7966
Josep Maria VergèsInstitut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Zona Educacional 4 Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007, Tarragona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-7463
Rodrigo PorteroDepartamento de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Cervantes, s/n, 37002, Salamanca, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-2208
Pablo AriasInstituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria - IIIPC (Universidad de Cantabria. Gobierno de Cantabria, Santander), Avda. de los Castros 52, 39005, Santander, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0481-7563
Roberto Ontañón PeredoInstituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria - IIIPC (Universidad de Cantabria. Gobierno de Cantabria, Santander), Avda. de los Castros 52, 39005, Santander, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0504-3961
Cleia DetryUniarq, Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Cristina LuísCIUHCT - Centro Interuniversitário de História das Ciências e da Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
João Luís CardosoICArEHB, Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
Aren M MaeirThe Martin (Szusz) Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology, Faculty of Jewish Studies, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3230-292X
Maria J ValenteFaculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, 8000-117, Portugal.
Elena GrauDepartament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Hª Antiga, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de València, Av. Blaco Ibañez, 28, 46010, València, Spain.
Vicent Estall I PolesMuseo del Azulejo "Manolo Safont". C/ París, s/n, 12200, Onda, Castellón, Spain.
Joaquín Alfonso LlorensArqueologia i Patrimoni SLU. C/ Salvador Barri nº9, 12200, Onda, Castellón, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-8424-0674
Ana Miguélez GonzálezIndependent researcher, Calle Verge d'Agost, 8, 12200, Onda, Castellón, Spain.
Armelle GardeisenCentre National de Recherche Scientifique, Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes, Archimède IA-ANR-11-LABX-0032-01, Université Paul Valéry, 34090, Montpellier, France.
Michele CupitòDipartimento dei Beni Culturali - Università degli Studi di Padova, Piazza Capitaniato, 7, 35139, Padova, Italy.
Umberto TecchiatiUniversità degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali e Ambientali, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3215-0874
Daniel G BradleySmurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7335-7092
Liora Kolska HorwitzNational Natural History Collections, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel.
Esther Rodríguez GonzálezConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-Junta de Extremadura), Instituto de Arqueología (IAM-CSIC), Badajoz, Spain.
Ariadna Nieto EspinetGrup d'Investigació Prehistòrica (GIP), Departament de Geografia, Història i Història de l'Art, 2021-SGR-01607- ARQHISTEC, Facultat de Lletres, Universitat de Lleida, Plaça de Víctor Siurana, 1, Lleida, 25003, Catalonia, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6038-995X
Pere BoverARAID Foundation, Oficina B, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2942-2840
Rosa Ruiz EntrecanalesAyuntamiento de Ávila. Sección de Arqueología. Palacio de los Verdugo, Calle de López Núñez nº 4, 05001, Ávila, Spain.
Ignasi Garcés EstalloDepartament de Història i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Arqueologia (IAUB), Barcelona, Spain.
Joaquín Jiménez FragosoDepartamento de Medicina Animal (Área de Medicina y Cirugía Animal), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7127-6763
Sebastián CelestinoConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-Junta de Extremadura), Instituto de Arqueología (IAM-CSIC), Badajoz, Spain.
Ludovic OrlandoCentre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Faculté de Santé, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France. ludovic.orlando@utoulouse.fr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3936-1850
Funding
EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council) 101071707 Synergy Grant HorsepowerEC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council) 681605-PEGASUSEC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020) 101062645 - ZEPHYRUS
Abstract
Horses have inhabited Iberia (present-day Spain and Portugal) since the Middle Pleistocene, shaping a complex history in the region. Iberia has been proposed as a potential domestication centre and is renowned for producing world-class bloodlines. Here, we generate genome-wide sequence data from 87 ancient horse specimens (median coverage = 0.97X) from Iberia and the broader Mediterranean to reconstruct their genetic history over the last ~26,000 years. Here, we report that wild horses of the divergent IBE lineage inhabited Iberia from the Late Pleistocene, while domesticated DOM2 horses, native from the Pontic-Caspian steppes, already arrived ~1850 BCE. Admixture dating suggests breeding practices involving continued wild restocking until at least ~350 BCE, with IBE disappearing shortly after. Patterns of genetic affinity highlight the far-reaching influence of Iberian bloodlines across Europe and north Africa during the Iron Age and Antiquity, with continued impact extending thereafter, particularly during the colonization of the Americas.
Indexed as
GenomeAnimalsBreedingDNA, AncientDomesticationGenomicsHistory, AncientHorsesPhylogenyPortugalSpainDNA, Ancient
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