Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40753099›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Whole-exome sequencing analysis identifies risk genes for schizophrenia.

Sophie L Chick, Peter Holmans, Darren Cameron, Detelina Grozeva, Rebecca Sims, Julie Williams, Nicholas J Bray, Michael J Owen, Michael C O'Donovan, James T R Walters and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Probing neuropsychiatric disorders through in vivo CRISPR screening.Current opinion in genetics & development · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. First computational characterization ofFrontiers in neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Sophie L ChickCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Peter HolmansCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0870-9412
Darren CameronCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-7741
Detelina GrozevaDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3239-8415
Rebecca SimsCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3885-1199
Julie WilliamsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-0259
Nicholas J BrayCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4357-574X
Michael J OwenCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4798-0862
Michael C O'DonovanCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7073-2379
James T R WaltersCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-4053
Elliott ReesCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. ReesEG@cardiff.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6168-9222

Funding

RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC) MR/T018712/1RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC) MR/Y004094/1RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC) MR/Y033922/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rare coding variants across many genes contribute to schizophrenia liability, but they have only been implicated in 12 genes at exome-wide levels of significance. To increase power for gene discovery, we analyse exome-sequencing data for rare coding variants in a new sample of 4650 schizophrenia cases and 5719 controls, and combine these with published sequencing data for a total of 28,898 cases, 103,041 controls and 3444 proband-parent trios. We identify associations for STAG1 and ZNF136 at exome-wide significance, genes that were previously implicated in schizophrenia by the SCHEMA study at a false discovery rate of 5%. We also find associations at a false discovery rate of 5% for six genes that did not pass this statistical threshold in the SCHEMA study (SLC6A1, PCLO, ZMYND11, BSCL2, KLC1 and CGREF1). Among these genes, SLC6A1 and KLC1 are associated with damaging missense variants alone. STAG1, SLC6A1, ZMYND11 and CGREF1 are also enriched for rare coding variants in other developmental and psychiatric disorders. Moreover, STAG1 and KLC1 have fine-mapped common variant signals in schizophrenia. These findings provide insights into the neurobiology of schizophrenia, including further evidence suggesting an aetiological role for disrupted chromatin organisation.

Indexed as

ExomeExome SequencingGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseSchizophreniaCase-Control StudiesFemaleGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansMale

Identifiers

PMID40753099
PMCPMC12318047

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.