Observational studyScientific reports2025
Glycemic levels and cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes: A cohort study of drugs with different hypoglycemic potentials.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of achieving glycated hemoglobin targets on cardiovascular events/mortality:World journal of diabetes · 2025Trial
- Out of target glycemic control and severe hypoglycemia in older adults with diabetes presenting to the emergency department.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Observational
- Antidiabetic potential of a novel hydroxyphenyl-bi-benzopyran-hexol compound from Cassia fistula as an α-amylase inhibitor: Integrated in silico screening and in vitro validation using a nonlinear regression model.Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Research indicates a U-shaped association between mortality and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients receiving sulfonylurea or insulin. However, the relationship between glucose levels and cardiovascular events in patients on novel agents with a lower hypoglycemic potential remains unknown. This study was aimed to examine the association between cardiovascular events and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving drugs with different hypoglycemic potentials. This is an observational cohort study using a multicenter electronic medical record database. This study included patients who received a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes between 2009 and 2020 and received non-insulin antidiabetic drugs. These drugs were divided into drugs with a high-hypoglycemic-risk (sulfonylurea and meglitinides) and drugs with a low-hypoglycemic-risk (incretin mimetics, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, and acarbose). The events of interest were mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). A total of 6,789 patients were included, with 3,191 patients in low-hypoglycemic-risk drugs cohort and 3,598 patients in high-hypoglycemic-risk drugs cohort. Both cohorts exhibited a U-shaped association between HbA1c levels and the risk of mortality and MACEs. Among patients receiving low-hypoglycemic-risk drugs, HbA1c levels of 6.7% and 6.8% were associated with the lowest risk of mortality and MACEs, respectively. Similarly, in patients receiving high-hypoglycemic-risk drugs, the lowest risk of mortality and MACEs was observed at HbA1c levels of 6.8% and 7.2%, respectively. Both low and high HbA1c levels were associated with an increased risk of mortality and cardiovascular events, whereas intermediate levels were linked to the lowest risk. These findings support a U-shaped association between glycemic control and adverse outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving non-insulin-based therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.