Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40752859›Full record

ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2025

Novel design of 3D printed tumbling microrobots for in vivo targeted drug delivery.

Aaron C Davis, Siting Zhang, Adalyn Meeks, Diya Sakhrani, Luis Carlos Sanjuan Acosta, D Ethan Kelley, Emma Caldwell, Luis Solorio, Craig J Goergen, David J Cappelleri

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Light force-powered cellular medical micromachines.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Aaron C DavisSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. Electronic address: davi1381@purdue.edu.
Siting ZhangWeldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. Electronic address: zhan3465@purdue.edu.
Adalyn MeeksWeldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. Electronic address: meeks18@purdue.edu.
Diya SakhraniWeldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. Electronic address: ddsakhra@purdue.edu.
Luis Carlos Sanjuan AcostaWeldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. Electronic address: lsanjuan@purdue.edu.
D Ethan KelleyWeldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. Electronic address: kelle278@purdue.edu.
Emma CaldwellSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. Electronic address: caldwe64@purdue.edu.
Luis SolorioWeldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, 201 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. Electronic address: lsolorio@purdue.edu.
Craig J GoergenSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, 201 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. Electronic address: cgoergen@purdue.edu.
David J CappelleriSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, 201 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. Electronic address: dcappell@purdue.edu.

Funding

NRI: Mobile Microrobots for Precision MedicineU01TR004239 · NCATS · PURDUE UNIVERSITY · PI CAPPELLERI, DAVID JOHN, GOERGEN, CRAIG J. · 2022 to 2024
$1.1M
NCATS NIH HHS U01 TR004239
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This paper presents innovative designs for 3D-printed tumbling microrobots, specifically engineered for targeted in vivo drug deliv- ery applications. The microrobot designs, created using stereolithography 3D printing technologies, incorporate permanent micro- magnets to enable actuation via a rotating magnetic field actuator system. The experimental framework encompasses a series of lo- comotion characterization tests to evaluate microrobot performance under various conditions. Testing variables include variations in microrobot geometries, actuation frequencies, and environmental conditions, such as dry and wet environments, and temperature. changes. The paper outlines designs for three drug loading methods, along with comprehensive assessments thermal drug release us- ing a focused ultrasound system, as well as biocompatibility tests. Animal model testing involves tissue phantoms and in vivo rat models, ensuring a thorough evaluation of the microrobots' performance and compatibility. The results highlight the robustness and adaptability of the proposed microrobot designs, showcasing the potential for efficient and targeted in vivo drug delivery. This novel approach addresses current limitations in existing tumbling microrobot designs and paves the way for advancements in targeted drug delivery within the large intestine.

Indexed as

Drug Delivery SystemsPrinting, Three-DimensionalRoboticsAnimalsDrug LiberationEquipment DesignRatsAdditive manufacturingDrug deliveryMobile microrobotics

Identifiers

PMID40752859
PMCPMC12455696

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.