ArticleResuscitation2025
Barriers to bystander interventions in suspected opioid-associated out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: A multiple methods study of 9-1-1 calls.
Article in Resuscitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionOpioid-associated out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OA-OHCA) is a significant problem in the United States. Layperson interventions, including bystander CPR and naloxone may improve survival, but barriers may differ compared to other OHCA. This study aims to describe characteristics of 9-1-1 callers and patients in suspected OA-OHCAs and identify barriers to B-CPR and naloxone administration.
methodsThis was a retrospective multiple methods study of transcribed 9-1-1 calls for suspected OHCA from two counties in North Carolina (5/2022-12/2023). Adult, non-traumatic OHCAs were included. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Student's t-test/Chi
resultsPatients with suspected OA-OHCA were younger than non-suspected OA-OHCA patients (39 vs 58 years [p < 0.01]). Most patients were in a residence, however, this percentage was smaller in suspected OA-OHCA compared with non-suspected OA-OHCA (68 % vs 88 % [p < 0.01]). Most callers in the suspected OA-OHCA group were a friend of the patient (35 %), whereas most callers in the non-suspected OA-OHCA population were a family member (34 %) [p < 0.01]. Qualitative barriers unique to suspected OA-OHCA included: conflicting responsibilities, fear of drugs, and fear of the patient. Naloxone-specific barriers included lack of availability and lack of knowledge of use.
conclusionWe found significant differences in demographics between suspected OA-OHCA compared with non-suspected OA-OHCA. We also identified unique barriers in this population as well as previously described barriers which may be amplified in the setting of suspected drug use. A different approach towards cardiac resuscitation may be needed to maximize treatment and survival.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.