Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40751780›Full record

ArticleFish physiology and biochemistry2025

An integrated approach to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of functional feed on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during an A. salmonicida outbreak.

Teresina De Iorio, Maria Carmela Scatà, Francesca Apuzzo, Andrea Gustinelli, Arianna Martini, Marco Martinoli, Riccardo Napolitano, Domitilla Pulcini, Nicolò Tonachella, Fabrizio Capoccioni

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Article in Fish physiology and biochemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Teresina De IorioConsiglio Per La Ricerca in Agricoltura E L'analisi Dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Via Salaria 31, Monterotondo, RM, 00015, Italy. teresina.deiorio@crea.gov.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0089-5946
Maria Carmela ScatàConsiglio Per La Ricerca in Agricoltura E L'analisi Dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Via Salaria 31, Monterotondo, RM, 00015, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2626-7059
Francesca ApuzzoDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Tolara Di Sopra, 50, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, BO, 40064, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-7187-9693
Andrea GustinelliDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Tolara Di Sopra, 50, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, BO, 40064, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-4278
Arianna MartiniConsiglio Per La Ricerca in Agricoltura E L'analisi Dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Via Salaria 31, Monterotondo, RM, 00015, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5283-7521
Marco MartinoliConsiglio Per La Ricerca in Agricoltura E L'analisi Dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Via Salaria 31, Monterotondo, RM, 00015, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3670-9711
Riccardo NapolitanoConsiglio Per La Ricerca in Agricoltura E L'analisi Dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Via Salaria 31, Monterotondo, RM, 00015, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2436-1201
Domitilla PulciniConsiglio Per La Ricerca in Agricoltura E L'analisi Dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Via Salaria 31, Monterotondo, RM, 00015, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1651-1123
Nicolò TonachellaConsiglio Per La Ricerca in Agricoltura E L'analisi Dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Via Salaria 31, Monterotondo, RM, 00015, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6669-7355
Fabrizio CapoccioniConsiglio Per La Ricerca in Agricoltura E L'analisi Dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Via Salaria 31, Monterotondo, RM, 00015, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4752-6881

Funding

Italian Ministry of Agriculture, Food Sovereignty and Forests J89J21004200001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Different strategies have been proposed to boost the resistance of fish against Aeromonas salmonicida, one of the major pathogens of salmonids. This study conceived an integrated approach to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of two commercial feeds (Protec and Optiline, Skretting) on rainbow trout during an Aeromonas salmonicida outbreak that caused high mortality in a fish farm. Welfare indicators, biometric, autoptic, and haematology indices, and innate immunity parameters (leukocyte viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and phagocytosis) were evaluated in fish fed with either Protec (containing β-glucans, vitamin C, E, and zinc) or a control diet (Optiline). Trout fed with Protec showed a higher proportion of blood lymphocytes (4.58 vs. 3.35; p < 0.05) and thrombocytes (2.21 vs. 1.54; p < 0.05), and a lower number of neutrophils (1.83 vs. 2.54; p < 0.05). Leukocytes isolated from individuals fed with Protec showed significantly higher viability (53.73 vs. 42.59; p < 0.01), lower apoptosis (29.61 vs. 36.49; p < 0.05), and lower death (10.99 vs. 20.38; p < 0.05), parallelled by lower ROS production. Furthermore, they displayed a higher proportion of phagocytic-ROS-producing live myeloid cells (20.91 vs. 14.34; p < 0.05). These data suggest that the immunostimulant-enriched diet strengthens rainbow trout's innate immune system, partially mitigating A. salmonicida infection.

Indexed as

Aeromonas salmonicidaAnimal FeedFish DiseasesGram-Negative Bacterial InfectionsOncorhynchus mykissAnimalsDietDisease OutbreaksImmunity, InnatePhagocytosisReactive Oxygen SpeciesReactive Oxygen SpeciesAeromonas salmonicidaImmunostimulantsLeukocytesPhagocytosisRainbow trout

Identifiers

PMID40751780

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.