ArticlePaediatric and perinatal epidemiology2025
Residential Socio-Demographic Scoring and Child Growth.
Article in Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Residential Socio-Demographic Scoring and Child Growth.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2025Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundWhile individual socioeconomic attributes have been widely studied in relation to child growth, the associations with broader, area-level socio-demographic characteristics of residential areas have not been thoroughly assessed.
objectivesTo examine the associations between area-level socio-demographic features of small residential areas and child growth trajectories.
methodsWe conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study, including all children born in Israel from 2004 to 2018, who underwent postnatal follow-up in the Mother and Child Health Clinics (MCHC) of the Ministry of Health. The MCHC network covers a significant proportion of the Israeli paediatric population, providing vaccination and developmental assessments to children up to 6 years old. Socio-demographic scoring was retrieved from the Israel Bureau of Statistics' geographical unit grading system, established for 990 rural areas and 1629 micro-geographical areas in 81 cities, using various population measurements. Height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ) z-scores were calculated using data from MCHC visits at birth and specific intervals.
resultsA total of 1,485,198 children were included (51.3% male). The mean birthweight and length were 3210 ± 52.2 g (z = -0.22) and 49.4 ± 3.33 cm (z = -0.06), respectively. Children resided in low (47%), intermediate (24.4%) and high (28.5%) socioeconomic areas. Throughout follow-up, children from low SES areas had consistently lower HAZ and WAZ scores across all birthweight groups, particularly among those with normal and high birthweight. In linear mixed-effects models, birth HAZ and WAZ scores were higher in high vs. low SES areas (β = 0.3 and β = 0.1, respectively), with non-linear growth trajectories characterised by early advantages in higher SES groups, a plateau in mid-childhood and renewed growth acceleration later in childhood.
conclusionsThe study provides evidence of impaired child growth in lower socio-demographic areas. This underscores the importance of identifying areas based on global attributes to identify regions predisposed to child growth impairment, particularly in developed nations.
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